Philippine History: Rizal and Independence

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following laws directly addressed the issue of land registration and aimed to create a more systematic process for tracking ownership claims?

  • Philippine Bill of 1902
  • Torrens system
  • Lands Registration Act of 1902 or Act No. 496
  • Ley Hipotecaria or the Mortgage Laws (correct)

Which of the following land systems aimed to address the issue of land ownership for tenants, allowing them to acquire land through cultivation?

  • pueblo
  • encomiendas
  • Homestead Program (correct)
  • compras y vandalas system

Which of these systems relied on the principle of mandatory selling or surrendering of agricultural harvests to Spanish authorities?

  • pueblo
  • encomiendas
  • Laws of the Indies
  • compras y vandalas system (correct)

Which of the following laws was intended to prevent the declaration of lands as state property by mandating landowners to register their properties?

<p>Maura Law or Royal decree of 1894 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Acts aimed to regulate the relationship between landlords and tenants in agricultural lands, focusing on sugarcane fields?

<p>Act No. 4113 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acts focused on the selling and leasing of lands belonging to the Spanish government, but also resolved issues related to defective land titles?

<p>Act No. 926 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these laws directly impacted the land ownership rights of private individuals and corporations, setting limits on the amount of land they could possess?

<p>Philippine Bill of 1902 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following entities was established to facilitate the expansion of the peasant resettlement program of the government?

<p>Land Settlement Development Corporation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems represented a shift from the Spanish land registration system to a more modern and efficient approach?

<p>Torrens system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acts aimed at regulating the relationship between landlords and tenants, specifically legalizing a 50-50 crop-sharing arrangement?

<p>Act No. 4054 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law was primarily focused on accelerating the issuance of Torrens titles by surveying municipalities and presenting the results to the land registration court?

<p>Cadastral Act or Act No. 2259 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laws granted Spaniards the right to manage and collect tributes from natives tilling the land?

<p>encomiendas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acts provided administrative and temporary leasing and selling of lands previously owned by the Catholic Church?

<p>Act No. 1120 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acts involved the establishment of a 70-30 sharing arrangement between tenants and landlords?

<p>Act No. 34 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups organized an anti-Japanese force during World War II, known as the Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon?

<p>HUKBALAHAP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals recognized the urgent need for land reform programs to be implemented?

<p>President Manuel L. Quezon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Filipino cultural value is best described as a tendency to prioritize immediate gratification over long-term planning?

<p>&quot;Ningas-Cugon&quot; attitude (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two cultural values that share a common theme of social acceptance?

<p>&quot;Hiya&quot; complex and &quot;Amor Propio&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural value is most closely related to the concept of fatalism?

<p>&quot;Bahala na&quot; attitude (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Filipino cultural value is rooted in the desire for social acceptance and can lead to unethical practices?

<p>&quot;Lagay&quot; and &quot;Areglo&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for Filipinos who are prone to postpone tasks?

<p>&quot;Mañana Habit&quot; attitude (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural value emphasizes reliance on connections and influence to secure advantages?

<p>&quot;Palakasan&quot; scheme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these cultural values is considered a social vice that has detrimental consequences for individuals and society?

<p>Indulging in gambling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural value can be seen as a source of both positive and negative social consequences?

<p>&quot;Amor Propio&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts aligns with the idea that an individual's actions result in consequences, both positive and negative, that are ultimately reflected in their future?

<p>Karma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following perspectives emphasizes the belief that an individual's destiny is predetermined and outside their control, often leading to acceptance of hardship and frustration?

<p>The &quot;suerte&quot;, &quot;tadhana&quot;, &quot;malas&quot;, and Buena form of fatalism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural practice highlights the use of indirect language to avoid upsetting someone, often through the use of softer phrases or expressions?

<p>Euphemistic Expression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following beliefs can be characterized as a belief in the existence of unseen forces that have a potential impact on an individual's life and activities?

<p>The Existence of Spirits, Ghosts and Supernatural Beings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following beliefs encourages individuals to actively improve their situation by working hard, saving money, and taking control of their environment, rather than relying solely on fate?

<p>The &quot;suerte&quot;, &quot;tadhana&quot;, &quot;malas&quot;, and Buena form of fatalism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cultural practices can be considered a positive form of learning when done with a good model to emulate, but can negatively indicate a lack of individual creativity and initiative when used without critical thinking?

<p>Gaya-Gaya Practice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following beliefs emphasizes the idea that "what you have sowed, is what you will reap", suggesting a direct link between actions and their consequences?

<p>Karma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cultural perspectives involves attempts to avoid direct confrontation or potential hurt feelings by using indirect or softened language?

<p>Euphemistic Expression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely reason for the amendment mentioned in the text?

<p>The amendment was made to address changes in economic provisions due to the Philippine Economic Readjustment Act. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 1935 Constitution, according to the provided text?

<p>To ensure the protection of individual rights and liberties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the government in the Philippines, as defined by the 1935 Constitution?

<p>The government is responsible for ensuring the safety and security of its citizens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the provided information, which of the following rights is NOT specifically mentioned in the 1935 Constitution?

<p>Right to bear arms for self-defense. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following IS NOT a criterion for Philippine citizenship as defined by the 1935 Constitution?

<p>Birth in the Philippine Islands to parents who are both citizens of the Philippines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the statement "Renunciation of war" as a state principle of the 1935 Constitution?

<p>The Philippines will prioritize peaceful diplomacy in resolving international disputes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the 1935 Constitution, what is the significance of "Promotion of social justice" as a state principle?

<p>It prioritizes the welfare of the underprivileged and marginalized groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The text mentions that three amendments to the 1935 Constitution were ratified in 1940. Which of the following was NOT a likely topic addressed by these amendments?

<p>Strengthening the powers of the legislature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the 1899 Philippine Constitution's approach to citizenship, compared to later constitutions?

<p>The 1899 Constitution defined citizenship based solely on birth within Philippine territory, whereas later constitutions adopted a more comprehensive approach. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the 1899 Philippine Constitution differentiate itself from the 1973 and 1987 constitutions?

<p>The 1899 Constitution uniquely invoked a &quot;Sovereign Legislator of the Universe&quot;, unlike the 'Divine Providence' in the 1973 constitution or the 'Almighty God' in the 1987 constitution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the 1899 Philippine Constitution structure the legislative branch of government?

<p>It established a unicameral legislature, where members of the Assembly of Representatives were directly elected by the people. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the executive power under the 1899 Philippine Constitution?

<p>The President was elected by the Assembly of Representatives, showcasing a distinct separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the 1899 Philippine Constitution define the Filipino identity?

<p>It defined Filipinos based on birth within Philippine territory, descent from Filipino parents, naturalization, and domicile, creating a comprehensive definition of citizenship. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rights was NOT explicitly guaranteed by the 1899 Philippine Constitution?

<p>The right to bear arms for self-defense was a fundamental right outlined in the constitution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long did the 1899 Philippine Constitution guarantee a person could be detained before being brought before a judicial authority?

<p>The 1899 Constitution mandated that a person be brought before a judicial authority within 24 hours of detention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notable aspect of the 1899 Philippine Constitution set it apart from later constitutions in terms of its philosophical underpinnings?

<p>The 1899 Constitution uniquely invoked a &quot;Sovereign Legislator of the Universe&quot;, a concept not found in the later constitutions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

First Public Land Act

Act No. 926 providing rules for selling public land and addressing Spanish land titles.

Second Public Land Act of 1919

Act No. 2874 that restricts agricultural land use to specific citizens.

Friar Land Act

Act No. 1120 allowing temporary leasing and selling of friar lands to farmers.

Rice Share Tenancy Act

Act No. 4054 regulating landlord-tenant relations for rice with a 50-50 sharing.

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Communist Party of the Philippines

Group formed by peasants and workers for collective action against land abuses.

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HUKBALAHAP

Anti-Japanese peasant and workers' group formed during WWII.

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Republic Act No. 34

Law established during Roxas' administration for a 70-30 sharing between tenant and landlord.

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LASEDECO

Land Settlement Development Corporation established by Executive Order No. 355.

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Code of Luwaran

One of the oldest laws in Muslim society regarding land lease provisions.

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Pueblo

Agricultural system organizing native communities into pueblos with land for families.

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Laws of the Indies

Laws granting land to religious orders and military, often for service.

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Encomiendas

Rights to manage land and collect tributes from native farmers.

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Compras y Vendas System

System forcing farmers to sell harvests at low prices to authorities.

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Ley Hipotecaria

Mortgage law focused on systematic registration of land ownership.

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Philippine Bill of 1902

Regulated public land disposal, allowing private ownership of specified hectares.

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Torrens System

New land registration system replacing the Spanish method in the Philippines.

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Republic of the Philippines

Established a popular, representative, and responsible government, first in Asia.

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Three branches of government

Refers to executive, legislative, and judiciary powers in government structure.

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Executive power

Vested in the President, elected by the Assembly of Representatives.

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Legislative power

Held by the Assembly of Representatives, elected by the people in a unicameral system.

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Judicial power

Vested in the Supreme Court and other courts created by law.

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Filipinos defined (Article 6)

Includes those born in PH, children of Filipinos abroad, naturalized foreigners, and residents without certificates.

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Rights guaranteed by 1899 Constitution

Rights include protection from illegal detention, privacy, and residence rights for Filipinos and foreigners.

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Article 7 - Detention rights

No one shall be detained except for crime; must be presented within 24 hours.

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Euphemistic Expression

Stating an unpleasant truth in a pleasant manner to avoid hurting someone.

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Fatalism

The belief in fate and predestination affecting one's life experiences.

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Spirits and Supernatural Beings

Beliefs in unseen beings that influence life's events and fortunes.

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Gaya-Gaya Practice

Imitation that hinders creativity and originality in learning.

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Karma

The law of nature indicating every action has a corresponding reaction.

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Anitos and Anitas

Spirits in Filipino culture to whom offerings are made for protection and luck.

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Resignation in Culture

Acceptance of hardships as a part of life, often linked to fatalism.

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Cultural Values in Hard Work

The belief that effort and personal achievement can change one's destiny.

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Ningas-Cugon attitude

A cultural trait where individuals start tasks enthusiastically but become lazy over time.

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Mañana Habit

The tendency to procrastinate and put off tasks until tomorrow.

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Bahala na attitude

A fatalistic approach where individuals leave outcomes to fate or divine will.

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Indulging in gambling

Engaging in games of chance, which often leads to negative societal impacts.

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Hiya Complex

A feeling of embarrassment or shame about social acceptability.

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Amor Propio

A term meaning self-love or self-esteem, closely related to social acceptance.

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Lagay and Areglo

Socio-political connections used to obtain favors or privileges in return for material consideration.

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Palakasan scheme

A practice where social ties and influence are used for job favors or promotions.

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Philippine Economic Readjustment Act

U.S. law enacted on August 7, 1939, modifying economic provisions of the Tydings-Mcduffie Act.

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Plebiscite of 1940

Vote held on June 18, 1940, resulting in the ratification of three amendments.

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President of the Philippines

The elected leader serving a term of four years through popular suffrage.

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State Principles of 1935 Constitution

Basic ideals including republicanism, defense of the state, and social justice.

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Citizenship Criteria

Conditions under which individuals are considered citizens of the Philippines.

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Rights Guaranteed by 1935 Constitution

Fundamental rights including life, liberty, and due process.

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Right to Due Process

Legal right ensuring fair treatment through the judicial system.

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Freedom of Speech

Right to express opinions without censorship or restraint.

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Study Notes

Philippine History Study Notes

  • Rizal's Biography: Rafael Palma's work on Rizal; Rizal's affiliation with Freemasonry potentially impacted his religious views.
  • Retraction Controversy: Exact copy of Rizal's retraction text; similar to Fr. Balaguer's copy but following paragraph structure of Manila newspaper versions; questioned as a forgery by Ricardo Pascual.
  • Rizal's Exile: Rizal was exiled to Dapitan.
  • Father Sanchez: Rizal's favorite teacher from Ateneo.
  • Financial Exchange: Rizal's retraction linked to a financial exchange, though not a definitive agreement.
  • Rizal's Death: Rizal died at age 33.
  • Rizal's Legacy: His work and writings initiated important changes in Philippine colonial society, leading to independence; retraction controversy is deemed irrelevant to modern interpretations.
  • Bonifacio's Refuge: The first place Andres Bonifacio and associates sought refuge was Balintawak on August 19-20, 1896. Others included Emilio Jacinto, Procopio Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Aguedo del Rosario.
  • Katipunan Meeting: A key meeting of 500 Katipuneros at Apolinario Samson's house in Kangkong on August 22, 1896 was likely where the "Cry" began.
  • Teodoro Plata: Only one man personally opposed and fought against the war. Bonifacio's brother-in-law.
  • Gregoria de Jesus: Wife of Andres Bonifacio, the "Lakambini of the Katipunan"; she stated the "Cry" occurred on August 25, 1896, in Caloocan, at eleven o'clock at night.
  • Santiago Alvarez: Prominent Katipunan warlord of Cavite, relative of Gregoria de Jesus; reported the first "Cry" occurred on August 24, 1896.
  • Andres Bonifacio: Also known as Supremo; involved in meetings relevant to the "Cry."
  • Meeting Time: The initial meetings of Katipuneros started around 9 am and concluded around noon; the meeting adjourned with shouts of "Long Live the Sons of the Country."
  • Guillermo Masangkay: Bonifacio's childhood friend; reported the "Cry" occurred on August 26, 1896.
  • Cedulas: Katipuneros and Bonifacio destroyed their cedulas as a result of the revolt.
  • Barangay Structure: Land divisions comprised of 30-100 families, administrated by local chiefs.
  • Land Systems and Laws: Various land ownership and governance laws like Kaingin, Maragtas Code, Luwaran Code, Pueblo laws and Laws of the Indies, Compras y Vendas System, Ley Hipotecaria, Maura law, Philippine Bill of 1902, Torrens System, Lands Registration Act of 1902, and Cadastral Act of 1902,
  • Land Reform Actions: Significant actions like Homestead program, First Public Land Act of 1919, Act 2874, Act No.141, Friar Land Act of 1919, Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933, Sugarcane Tenancy Contract Act of 1933, and the Hukbalahap uprising in Luzon and Mindanao.
  • Constitutional developments: 1899 Constitution, 1935 Constitution, 1973 Constitution, 1987 Constitution.
  • Cultural Values: Filipinos' traditional values such as indolence, mañana habit, bahala na attitude, hiya complex, amor propio, and use of euphemistic expressions, discussed. Practices like Gaya-Gaya and belief in spirits and karma.

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