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Questions and Answers
What describes the arrangement of particles in crystalline solids?
What describes the arrangement of particles in crystalline solids?
Which phase of matter has a definite shape and volume?
Which phase of matter has a definite shape and volume?
What phenomenon occurs when a solid changes directly to a gas?
What phenomenon occurs when a solid changes directly to a gas?
During a phase change, what happens to a substance's chemical makeup?
During a phase change, what happens to a substance's chemical makeup?
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What is the term for the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid?
What is the term for the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid?
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Which process describes the transition of water vapor to liquid water?
Which process describes the transition of water vapor to liquid water?
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What phase of matter fills the entire volume of its container and has no definite shape?
What phase of matter fills the entire volume of its container and has no definite shape?
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What property describes the resistance of a liquid to flow?
What property describes the resistance of a liquid to flow?
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What occurs when a liquid turns into a gas throughout its entire volume?
What occurs when a liquid turns into a gas throughout its entire volume?
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Which of these is an example of a chemical change?
Which of these is an example of a chemical change?
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Study Notes
Phases of Matter
- Matter exists in four phases: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
- Solids have a definite shape and volume. Particles are tightly packed.
- Crystalline solids have regular repeating patterns (e.g., ice, salt).
- Amorphous solids don't have a repeating pattern (e.g., glass, rubber).
- Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container. Particles are close together but can move past each other.
- Viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flow (e.g., honey flows slower than water).
- Gases have no definite shape or volume. Particles are widely spaced and move freely.
- Gases expand to fill their container.
- Plasma is a high-energy phase found in stars, lightening, and some laboratory settings.
Phase Changes
- Phase changes involve energy changes, but the substance remains the same.
- Melting is the change from solid to liquid.
- Melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. Example: ice melts at 0°C, table salt at 801°C.
- Freezing is the change from liquid to solid.
- Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid. Example: water freezes at 0°C.
- Vaporization is the change from liquid to gas.
- Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid
- Boiling occurs throughout the liquid.
- Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid boils. Example: water boils at 100°C, salt boils at 1413°C.
- Condensation is the change from gas to liquid,
- Sublimation is the change from solid to gas (e.g., dry ice).
Physical Properties
- Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance.
- Examples: mass, weight, volume, density, color, shape, hardness, texture.
Chemical Properties
- Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to change into other new different substances.
- Flammability is the ability to burn, and chemical reaction is another name for chemical changes.
- Example: wood burning.
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Description
Explore the four phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. This quiz covers the characteristics of each phase, the concept of viscosity, and the fundamentals of phase changes. Test your understanding of melting points and the energy changes that accompany these transitions.
