Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of Phase II enzymes in detoxification?
What is the primary role of Phase II enzymes in detoxification?
- To transform toxic reactive molecules into less reactive species (correct)
- To catalyze the oxidation of xenobiotics
- To synthesize UDP-glucuronic acid
- To inhibit the activity of Phase I enzymes
What is the function of UDP-glucuronic acid in the glucuronidation reaction?
What is the function of UDP-glucuronic acid in the glucuronidation reaction?
- It acts as a cofactor for the UGT enzyme
- It is the product of the glucuronidation reaction
- It is the substrate that is transferred to the xenobiotic handle (correct)
- It provides the energy required for the conjugation reaction
Which of the following is NOT a type of 'handle' that can be conjugated by Phase II enzymes?
Which of the following is NOT a type of 'handle' that can be conjugated by Phase II enzymes?
- Ester groups (correct)
- Hydroxyl groups
- Thiol groups
- Carboxylic acid groups
What is the significance of the localization of UGTs in the ER membrane?
What is the significance of the localization of UGTs in the ER membrane?
What is the consequence of UGT-catalyzed reactive metabolites for drugs containing carboxylic acids?
What is the consequence of UGT-catalyzed reactive metabolites for drugs containing carboxylic acids?
What is the characteristic of the gene expression of UGT1A and UGT2B subfamilies?
What is the characteristic of the gene expression of UGT1A and UGT2B subfamilies?
What is the consequence of UGT substrate IBufenac rearranging to the reactive species faster than its methyl-substituted analog ibuprofen?
What is the consequence of UGT substrate IBufenac rearranging to the reactive species faster than its methyl-substituted analog ibuprofen?
What is the role of sulfotransferases in Phase II enzyme conjugation?
What is the role of sulfotransferases in Phase II enzyme conjugation?
What is the result of the high acidity of the sulfate group in sulfation reactions?
What is the result of the high acidity of the sulfate group in sulfation reactions?
What is a characteristic of phenols in sulfation reactions?
What is a characteristic of phenols in sulfation reactions?
Why do glucuronidation reactions predominate over sulfation reactions at high doses?
Why do glucuronidation reactions predominate over sulfation reactions at high doses?
Where are human SULTs organized in the cell?
Where are human SULTs organized in the cell?
