Drug Metabolism: Phase II Enzymes Quiz

What is the consequence of grapefruit juice on enzymes?

What occurs in individuals classified as 'poor metabolizers'?

Which enzyme is responsible for metabolizing ethanol?

What happens in individuals classified as 'ultrarapid metabolizers'?

How does suxamethonium get metabolized?

Which enzyme inactivates 6-mercaptopurine?

Which type of bonds are less readily susceptible to hydrolytic cleavage in drug metabolism?

In glucuronide conjugation, which chemical group is inserted into the substrate?

What is the endogenous substrate for glucuronide conjugation among the following?

Which enzyme is involved in glutathione conjugation?

Which type of substrates require no activation in glutathione conjugation?

What is the product of a reaction between R-CH2-X and GSH in glutathione conjugation?

Which type of inhibition involves the complex formation with Fe3+ form of haem iron of CYP3A4?

Which drug is an example of competitive inhibition in the context of P450 inhibition?

Which compound is known for its mechanism-based inhibition involving suicide inhibition by covalently binding to the enzyme?

Which drug causes microsomal enzyme induction and has the effect of increasing activity with repeated administration?

Which compound exemplifies the concept of pro-drugs with deliberate design in drug delivery?

Which drug interaction scenario is characterized by slow onset of induction and slow recovery, posing clinical issues?

Which process does NOT account for renal drug excretion?

How can one drug affect the rate of renal excretion of another?

Which factor can contribute to individual variation in renal drug excretion?

Which condition leads to increased renal elimination of drugs?

What genetic condition is associated with suxamethonium?

What mechanism can one drug use to affect the rate of renal excretion of another?

Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?

What is the main type of reaction involved in Phase 1 drug metabolism?

Which enzyme system is known as the CYP450 monooxygenase system?

What type of reactions are Phase 2 reactions in drug metabolism primarily associated with?

Which group acts as a point of attack for the conjugating system in Phase 1 reactions?

What is required for a mixed-function oxidation reaction catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes?

Drug metabolism and elimination primarily occur in the kidneys.

The route of drug metabolism can significantly impact its pharmacological activity.

Most drugs are hydrophilic and easily eliminated by the body.

The first-pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug after it has entered the systemic circulation.

Phase 1 reactions in drug metabolism involve primarily conjugation reactions.

Liver plays a minor role in drug elimination compared to other organs like lungs and intestines.

Phase 1 reactions in drug metabolism are primarily anabolic in nature.

Cytochrome P450 enzymes are exclusively found in the kidneys for drug metabolism.

Phase 2 reactions mainly occur in the liver and involve attachment of glucuronic acid, sulphate, and amino acids.

The handle for conjugation in drug metabolism can be a carboxyl group.

Phase 1 enzymes are mainly located in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cells.

CYP450 enzymes are a homogenous superfamily with identical substrate specificities.

Gestodene is an example of a mechanism-based inhibitor involving suicide inhibition.

Rifampicin, ethanol, and carbamazepine are examples of substances that cause P450 inhibition.

Pro-drugs like aspirin are designed to have different effects in their metabolized forms.

Methanol and ethylene glycol are examples of drugs with metabolites that have similar effects as the parent compound.

Slow onset of induction and slow recovery are not clinical issues associated with selective enzyme induction.

Microsomal enzyme induction by carcinogenic chemicals can be exploited therapeutically.

Thrombosis can be a side effect of enzyme induction.

Disulfiram inhibits the metabolism of ethanol.

Proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole can enhance the activity of clopidogrel.

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug that can potentiate the effects of disulfiram.

Organic cation transporters (OCTs) are primarily involved in hepatic excretion of drugs.

Glucuronides can be hydrolyzed in the intestine, regenerating the active drug in enterohepatic circulation.

Renal clearance involves the volume of plasma containing the amount of substance that is added to the body by the kidneys in unit time.

Active tubular secretion is one of the processes that account for renal drug excretion.

Passive reabsorption refers to diffusion from the dilute tubular fluid back across tubular epithelium.

Ethnicity does not play a role in individual variation in renal drug excretion.

Genetic variation can lead to plasma cholinesterase deficiency, affecting drug metabolism.

Pregnancy leads to decreased renal elimination of drugs due to reduced renal blood flow.