Phase Changes and Kinetic Theory Flashcards

Kinetic Theory of Matter

• Molecules are in constant motion, forming the basis of the kinetic theory of matter.
• Kinetic energy is measured using a thermometer, indicating temperature.
• Higher internal energy in a material results in an elevated temperature.

Heat and Temperature

• Heat refers to the energy flow between objects at different temperatures.
• Heat and temperature are distinct concepts; they are not interchangeable.

Brownian Motion

• Brownian motion describes the erratic movement of visible particles caused by invisible particles colliding with them.

Phases of Matter

• Solid: Has a definite volume and shape; molecules are tightly packed and move slowly.
• Liquid: Has a definite volume but no fixed shape; molecules are loosely packed and able to flow.
• Gas: Lacks a definite volume and shape; molecules are widely spaced and move rapidly, filling any container.

Phase Changes

• Melting: Transition from solid to liquid.
• Freezing: Transition from liquid to solid.
• Vaporization: Transition from liquid to gas.
  • Evaporation: Surface vaporization of a liquid.
  • Boiling: Vaporization occurring both from the surface and within the liquid.
• Condensation: Transition from gas to liquid.
• Sublimation: Transition from solid to gas.
• Deposition: Transition from gas to solid.