38 Questions
What is added to the dry mixture during wet granulation?
Binder solution
What is the purpose of the dryer machine in wet granulation?
To dry the wet granules
What is the final product of wet granulation?
Dried granules
What is the purpose of Q.C. in wet granulation?
To control the moisture content
What is used as a solvent in wet granulation?
Organic solvent or water
What is the first step in wet granulation?
Dry mixing
What is another name for a single punch tablet press?
Eccentric press
What type of motion does the upper punch exert on the fill material in a single station tablet press?
Hammering motion
Why is a mechanized feeder employed in tablet manufacturing?
To force granules into the die cavity
What is the purpose of a tablet deduster in tablet manufacturing?
To remove excess powder from tablets
What type of tablet press employs a single tooling station?
Single punch tablet press
What is a characteristic of a rotary tablet press?
It has multiple tooling stations
What is the purpose of tablet weight monitoring devices in tablet manufacturing?
To monitor tablet weight
What is a limitation of gravity filling of dies with granules?
Weight variation and content uniformity
What is the core component of a sugar-coated tablet?
Core Tablet
What is the primary function of coating materials in tablets?
To protect tablet ingredients from deterioration by moisture
Which type of tablet is designed to release the drug at a specific site in the gastrointestinal tract?
Enteric coated tablets
What is the primary purpose of plasticizers in soft gelatin capsule preparation?
To produce elasticity and flexibility
What is an important consideration in designing a dosage form?
Physicochemical properties of the drug
Why are excipients present in greater proportion in medicinal products?
They form the bulk of the formulation
What is the purpose of a sustained release tablet?
To release the drug over a prolonged period of time
What is a consideration when designing a dosage form for topical use?
Intended site of action
What is the primary characteristic to consider when selecting an excipient?
Functionality
What is a factor that affects the biopharmaceutical considerations of a dosage form?
Aqueous solubility of the drug
What is the primary purpose of flavors in medicinal products?
To mask unpleasant taste
What is an important characteristic to consider when designing a dosage form for oral administration?
Dissolution characteristics
What is the primary reason for considering regulatory acceptance when selecting an excipient?
To ensure the excipient is compliant with regulations
What is the primary interaction to consider when selecting an excipient?
All of the above
What is a consideration when designing a dosage form for systemic use?
Extent of absorption
What is the primary benefit of using Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) in coating materials?
It protects tablet ingredients from deterioration by moisture
What is the primary function of a Fette machine?
To chill compression components for low melting point substances
Which of the following is NOT a quality control test for tablets?
Moisture Content Test
What is the purpose of the hardness test in quality control of tablets?
To evaluate the strength and ability of tablets to withstand shocks and frictions
What is the primary purpose of the friability test?
To induce self-abrasion and pressure on tablets
What is the purpose of the disintegration test in quality control of tablets?
To identify the time required for a tablet to break up into particles
What is necessary for a drug to be absorbed?
The drug must be dissolved in fluids at the absorption site
What is capping in tablet processing?
The separation of the upper or lower segment of a tablet from the main body
What is the purpose of quality control tests in tablet manufacturing?
To ensure the quality of tablets during production and storage
Study Notes
Types of Tablets
- Multiple compressed tablets (Layered Tablets)
- Compressed Coated Tablet: composed of a core tablet and inert material
- Sugar-coated tablets: composed of a core tablet and sugar coating layers
- Film-coated tablets: composed of a core tablet and film coating layer
- Enteric coated tablets: composed of a core tablet and film coating layer
- Buccal or sublingual tablets
- Chewable tablets
- Effervescent tablets
- Lozenges
- Implants
- Sustained Release Tablets
Dosage Form Design
- Physicochemical properties of the drug: reactivity, stability, solubility, acid/base, solid state behavior
- Biopharmaceutical considerations: intended site of action, absorption, onset of action
- Questions to consider:
- About the drug: aqueous solubility, pKa, partition coefficient, chemical stability in solution
- About the dosage form: dissolution characteristics, transdermal characteristics, stability in storage
- About the biopharmaceutics: extent of absorption, first-pass metabolism, intended use: topical vs. systemic
Coating Materials
- Protect tablet ingredients from deterioration by moisture
- Help with swallowing unpleasant-tasting tablets
- Examples of coating materials: hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), synthetic polymers, shellac, corn protein zein, polysaccharides
- Plasticizers: produce elasticity and flexibility to the coating materials, determine hardness of capsule shell, impart softness and resilience to suppositories
- Flavors: limited to chewable tablets, mask unpleasant taste
Excipients Selection
- Excipients are indispensable components of medicinal products
- Selection is based on characteristics: functionality, material consistency, regulatory acceptance, cost, availability, sources, interaction with AI, other excipients, and packaging
Wet Granulation
- Process involves dry mixing, wet mixing, granulation, drying, and quality control
- Machines used: mixer, wet granulator, dryer
- Quality control: moisture content
Tablet Machine
- Types: single punch press, rotary punch press
- Single punch tablet press: simplest machine for tablet manufacturing, employs a single tooling station, available as both manually operated and power driven
- Rotary tablet press: multi-station tablet press, rotates the head of the machine that holds the upper punches, dies, and lower punches in place
Auxiliary Equipments
- Granulation feeding device: forces granules into die cavity to avoid weight variation and content uniformity
- Tablet weight monitoring devices: continuous tablet weight monitoring with electronic devices
- Tablet deduster: removes excess powder on tablet surface
- Fette machine: chills compression components to compress low melting point substances like waxes
Quality Control of Tablets
- Uniformity of weight
- Uniformity of diameter
- Uniformity of thickness
- Hardness test: related to tablet strength and ability to withstand shocks and frictions
- Friability test: measures ability of tablets to withstand friction, pressure, and shock
- Disintegration test: measures time required for tablet to break up and particles to pass through a 10 mesh screen
- Dissolution test: measures rate of drug dissolution in fluid at the absorption site
Tablet Processing Problems and Remedies
- Capping: upper or lower segment of the tablet separates horizontally during ejection from tablet press or subsequent handling
This quiz covers different types of tablets in pharmacy, including compressed coated, sugar-coated, film-coated, and enteric coated tablets.
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