Pharmacy Scope and Ethics Lecture 1

Lecture 1: Scope of Pharmacy

• The lecture was delivered by Dr. Dalia Abdel Rhman Attia PhD, Professor and HoD of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology.
• Her contact information is provided: [email protected], Building K, Room 106.
• The lecture covered the scope of pharmacy, including ethics, orientation, and legislation.

Marks Distribution

• The course work is worth 25 points.
• There is an unseen assignment worth 75 points.
• Unseen assignments consist of 25 points for course work and 75 points for assignments.

Weekly Lecture Plan

• Week 1: Scope of pharmacy, information resources
• Week 2: Pharmaceutical dosage forms
• Week 3: Pharmaceutical dosage forms, the prescription and incompatibilities
• Week 4: Pharmaceutical calculation
• Week 5: Pharmaceutical calculation and History of pharmacy
• Week 7: History of ethics in pharmacy & current ethics related issues
• Week 8: Ethical principles and the practice of pharmacy
• Week 9: Different pharmaceutical licenses and entities
• Week 10: Law of pharmacy & different drug acts
• Week 11: Law of pharmacy & different drug acts
• Week 12: Clinical pharmacy Requirements & activities

Course Outline

• Definitions of Pharmacy, Drug, and Drug Types
• Names of scope of pharmacy
• Classification of scope of pharmacy
• Education
• Career

Pharmacy Definition

• Derived from the Greek word "Pharmakon," meaning drug (a biologically active substance).
• Pharmacy is the art and science of preparing, dispensing medications, and providing drug-related information to the public, given by pharmacists.
• The World Health Organization estimates at least 2.6 million pharmacists and other pharmaceutical personnel worldwide.

Drug Definition

• A material that has a pharmacological effect.
• Natural origins include plant, animal, or mineral sources.
• Synthetic examples: aspirin.
• Semisynthetic examples: ampicillins.

Drug Classification

• Prescribed drug: Only dispensed by prescription.
• Nonprescription drug (OTC): Can be dispensed without a prescription.

Drug Names

• Chemical name: Indicates the chemical structure.
• Brand name: A trade name for the drug.
• Generic name: The same active ingredient, strength, dosage form, and route of administration as the brand-name drug.
• Official name: The name of the drug in the pharmacopeia (scientific name).

Example of Drug Names

• Chemical name: N-acetyl-para-aminophenol
• Official name: Paracetamol (B.P. 1998)
• Brand name: Panadol
• Other generic names (and trade names): Abimol (Glaxo), Paramol (Misr), Pyral (Kahira), Cetal (Eipico)

Pharmacy Education

• The six-year program leads to a Pharm D degree.
• Courses covered:
  • Pharmacognosy
  • Organic chemistry
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Clinical pharmacy
  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Complementary studies (Mathematics, Management, Pharmacy law).
• Postgraduate education includes diplomas and master degrees. Examples include diplomas in industrial pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, quality control, cosmetics, medicinal plants, pharmacology, biochemistry, microbiology, and organic synthesis, as well as master's and PhD degrees in pharmaceutical sciences.

Pharmacy Departments

• Departments include (but are not limited to):
• Pharmaceutical chemistry
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Organic chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacognosy
  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical pharmacy
  • Pharmaceutics (pharmaceutical technology)

Pharmacy Careers

• Career paths are many, including:
  • Clinical pharmacy
  • Regulatory control
  • Community pharmacy
  • Military pharmacy
  • Industrial pharmacy
  • Drug Promotion
  • Academic settings

Specific Pharmacy Career Information (as seen in the images)

• Community Pharmacy: Community pharmacists provide dispensing of prescribed drugs, counsel on minor health problems, suggest OTC medicines, and customize prescriptions for individual patients to maximize intended benefits while minimizing side effects.
• Hospital Pharmacy: Hospital pharmacists dispense medications, advise professionals and patients on the use of medications/drugs, compound prescriptions as needed, and participate in committees responsible for drug selection/use (e.g., antibiotics).
• Industrial Pharmacy: Industrial pharmacists work in research and development, manufacturing/production, quality control, and management in pharmaceutical industries.
• Drug Promotion: Pharmacists in this segment function primarily as medical representatives, promoting drugs to pharmacists and physicians.
• Military Pharmacy: Military pharmacists may be commissioned or non-commissioned officers involved in the manufacture of generic products, distribution to military hospitals, dispensing medications to personnel.
• Regulatory Control and Drug Management: Government-employed pharmacists manage pharmaceutical affairs, setting drug policy, overseeing registration/quality control of drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices, leading inspections, and handling customs.
• Academic Pharmacy: Pharmacists in this area contribute through education and research activities.

Assignment

• Students should select one type of pharmacy career.
• Describe expected responsibilities and personal goals.
• Handwritten A4 page, tidy presentation, student ID, and sub-group info, delivered to Dr. Dalia Attia during the next lecture in Hall 3.

Explore the scope of pharmacy in this first lecture by Dr. Dalia Abdel Rhman Attia. The session covers foundational topics such as ethics, legislation, and orientation in the pharmacy field, providing insights into the profession's diverse roles and responsibilities.