Pharmacy Scope and Ethics Lecture 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of classifying drugs as 'prescribed' or 'nonprescription'?

To manage the dispensing process based on safety and necessity (correct)

To identify the origin of the active ingredients

To determine the method of manufacturing the drugs

To indicate the price of the drugs

Which of the following represents the chemical name of paracetamol?

Panadol

Paracetamol B.P. 1998

N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (correct)

Acetaminophen

What distinguishes a generic drug from a brand-name drug?

Generic drugs can only include natural ingredients

Generic drugs are always cheaper than brand-name drugs

Generic drugs are produced by the original manufacturer

Generic drugs contain the same active ingredient and formulation as the brand-name product (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Over The Counter (OTC) drugs?

Always have a higher concentration than prescription drugs Signup and view all the answers

How many years is the Pharm D degree program in all faculties of pharmacy in Egypt?

Six years Signup and view all the answers

Which area of study focuses on the interaction between drugs and living systems?

Pharmacology Signup and view all the answers

What does pharmacokinetics specifically address regarding drugs?

The process of drug absorption and elimination Signup and view all the answers

Which responsibility is NOT associated with a clinical pharmacist?

Quality assurance of formulations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of pharmaceutics as a field of study?

Technological processes in drug development Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT a part of pharmacodynamics?

Dosage calculation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of toxicology in pharmacology?

Evaluating the safety and poisoning effects of substances Signup and view all the answers

In clinical pharmacy, what is a key benefit of collaboration with other healthcare professionals?

Optimizing medication therapy and promoting health Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about pharmaceutical technology is accurate?

It applies technological processes in the pharmaceutical industry. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following subjects is not included in the main curriculum?

Physics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complementary study in the curriculum?

Management courses Signup and view all the answers

What does the study of pharmacognosy primarily deal with?

Quality control of herbs Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lecture 1: Scope of Pharmacy

The lecture was delivered by Dr. Dalia Abdel Rhman Attia PhD, Professor and HoD of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology.
Her contact information is provided: [email protected], Building K, Room 106.
The lecture covered the scope of pharmacy, including ethics, orientation, and legislation.

Marks Distribution

The course work is worth 25 points.
There is an unseen assignment worth 75 points.
Unseen assignments consist of 25 points for course work and 75 points for assignments.

Weekly Lecture Plan

Week 1: Scope of pharmacy, information resources
Week 2: Pharmaceutical dosage forms
Week 3: Pharmaceutical dosage forms, the prescription and incompatibilities
Week 4: Pharmaceutical calculation
Week 5: Pharmaceutical calculation and History of pharmacy
Week 7: History of ethics in pharmacy & current ethics related issues
Week 8: Ethical principles and the practice of pharmacy
Week 9: Different pharmaceutical licenses and entities
Week 10: Law of pharmacy & different drug acts
Week 11: Law of pharmacy & different drug acts
Week 12: Clinical pharmacy Requirements & activities

Course Outline

Definitions of Pharmacy, Drug, and Drug Types
Names of scope of pharmacy
Classification of scope of pharmacy
Education
Career

Pharmacy Definition

Derived from the Greek word "Pharmakon," meaning drug (a biologically active substance).
Pharmacy is the art and science of preparing, dispensing medications, and providing drug-related information to the public, given by pharmacists.
The World Health Organization estimates at least 2.6 million pharmacists and other pharmaceutical personnel worldwide.

Drug Definition

A material that has a pharmacological effect.
Natural origins include plant, animal, or mineral sources.
Synthetic examples: aspirin.
Semisynthetic examples: ampicillins.

Drug Classification

Prescribed drug: Only dispensed by prescription.
Nonprescription drug (OTC): Can be dispensed without a prescription.

Drug Names

Chemical name: Indicates the chemical structure.
Brand name: A trade name for the drug.
Generic name: The same active ingredient, strength, dosage form, and route of administration as the brand-name drug.
Official name: The name of the drug in the pharmacopeia (scientific name).

Example of Drug Names

Chemical name: N-acetyl-para-aminophenol
Official name: Paracetamol (B.P. 1998)
Brand name: Panadol
Other generic names (and trade names): Abimol (Glaxo), Paramol (Misr), Pyral (Kahira), Cetal (Eipico)

Pharmacy Education

The six-year program leads to a Pharm D degree.
Courses covered:
- Pharmacognosy
- Organic chemistry
- Analytical chemistry
- Pharmaceutical chemistry
- Biochemistry
- Pharmaceutics
- Clinical pharmacy
- Microbiology
- Pharmacology
- Complementary studies (Mathematics, Management, Pharmacy law).
Postgraduate education includes diplomas and master degrees. Examples include diplomas in industrial pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, quality control, cosmetics, medicinal plants, pharmacology, biochemistry, microbiology, and organic synthesis, as well as master's and PhD degrees in pharmaceutical sciences.

Pharmacy Departments

Departments include (but are not limited to):
Pharmaceutical chemistry
- Analytical chemistry
- Organic chemistry
- Biochemistry
- Pharmacognosy
- Microbiology
- Pharmacology
- Clinical pharmacy
- Pharmaceutics (pharmaceutical technology)

Pharmacy Careers

Career paths are many, including:
- Clinical pharmacy
- Regulatory control
- Community pharmacy
- Military pharmacy
- Industrial pharmacy
- Drug Promotion
- Academic settings

Specific Pharmacy Career Information (as seen in the images)

Community Pharmacy: Community pharmacists provide dispensing of prescribed drugs, counsel on minor health problems, suggest OTC medicines, and customize prescriptions for individual patients to maximize intended benefits while minimizing side effects.
Hospital Pharmacy: Hospital pharmacists dispense medications, advise professionals and patients on the use of medications/drugs, compound prescriptions as needed, and participate in committees responsible for drug selection/use (e.g., antibiotics).
Industrial Pharmacy: Industrial pharmacists work in research and development, manufacturing/production, quality control, and management in pharmaceutical industries.
Drug Promotion: Pharmacists in this segment function primarily as medical representatives, promoting drugs to pharmacists and physicians.
Military Pharmacy: Military pharmacists may be commissioned or non-commissioned officers involved in the manufacture of generic products, distribution to military hospitals, dispensing medications to personnel.
Regulatory Control and Drug Management: Government-employed pharmacists manage pharmaceutical affairs, setting drug policy, overseeing registration/quality control of drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices, leading inspections, and handling customs.
Academic Pharmacy: Pharmacists in this area contribute through education and research activities.

Assignment

Students should select one type of pharmacy career.
Describe expected responsibilities and personal goals.
Handwritten A4 page, tidy presentation, student ID, and sub-group info, delivered to Dr. Dalia Attia during the next lecture in Hall 3.

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Description

Explore the scope of pharmacy in this first lecture by Dr. Dalia Abdel Rhman Attia. The session covers foundational topics such as ethics, legislation, and orientation in the pharmacy field, providing insights into the profession's diverse roles and responsibilities.