Pharmacy Orientation Lecture 4

Pharmacy Orientation - Lecture 4

• Course goals and objectives include definitions related to pharmacy, the scope of pharmacy profession, pharmacy education, history of different pharmacy civilizations, role of pharmacists in society, drug and dosage forms, different routes of administration, pharmacy careers, clinical pharmacy, and different parts of prescriptions.

Medical Terminology

• Acidifier, Systemic: A drug that lowers internal body pH, useful in restoring normal body pH (pH 7.4 for blood) in patients with systemic alkalosis.
• Acidifier, Urinary: A drug that lowers the pH of the renal filtrate and urine.
• Alkalizer, Systemic: A drug that raises internal body pH useful in restoring normal pH (pH 7.4 for blood) in patients with systemic acidosis. (Sodium Bicarbonate).
• Adrenergic: A drug that activates organs innervated by the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system; a (Epinephrine) sympathomimetic drug.
• Anti-adrenergic: A drug that prevents response to sympathetic nerve impulses and to adrenergic drugs. (Propranolol Hydrochloride).
• Cholinergic: A drug that activates organs innervated by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system; a parasympathomimetic drug.
• Anticholinergic: A drug that prevents response to parasympathetic nerve impulse and to cholinergic drugs. (Atropine Sulfate).
• Adrenocortical Steroid, Salt-regulating: An adrenal cortex hormone or analog that regulates sodium/potassium electrolyte balance in the body; a mineralocorticoid. (Desoxy-corrticosterone Acetate).
• Mineralocorticoid: A salt-regulating adrenocortical steroid useful in regulating sodium/potassium electrolyte balance (Desoxycorticosterone Acetate).
• Androgen: A hormone that stimulates and maintains male reproductive function and sex characteristics (Testosterone Propionate).
• Estrogen: A hormone that stimulates and maintains female reproductive organs and sex characteristics, and functions in both the proliferative and secretory phases of the uterine cycle (Ethinyl Estradiol).
• Progestin: A hormone that stimulates the secretory phase of the uterine cycle.
• Anti-anemic: A drug that stimulates production of erythrocytes in normal number, size, and hemoglobin content.
• Anticoagulant, Systemic: A systemically acting drug that slows clotting of circulating blood. (Warfarin Sodium).
• Antihypertensive: A drug that lowers arterial blood pressure, especially the elevated diastolic pressure of hypertensive patients.
• Antineoplastic: A drug that is selectively toxic to the rapidly multiplying cells of malignant tumors.
• Diuretic: A drug that promotes renal excretion of electrolytes and water, useful in treating generalized edema (Furosemide).
• Hematinic: A drug that promotes hemoglobin formation by supplying iron needed for incorporation (Ferrous Sulfate).
• Hemostatic, Systemic: A drug that inhibits systemic dissolution of clots (fibrinolysis), useful in treating hyperfibrinolysis.
• Antitussive: A drug that suppresses coughing (Codeine Phosphate).
• Expectorant: A drug that increases respiratory tract secretion, lowering its viscosity and promoting its removal.
• Mucolytic: A drug that hydrolyses mucoproteins, useful in reducing the viscosity of pulmonary mucous (Acetulcysteine).
• Anticonvulsant: An antiepileptic drug or a drug that arrests convulsions by inducing general anesthesia.
• Antidepressant: A central acting drug that selectively induces mood elevation, useful in treating mental depration.
• Anti-epileptic: An anticonvulsant drug that selectively suppresses epileptic seizures without inducing loss of consciousness.
• Antiparkinsonian: A drug that reduces the neurologic disturbance and symptoms present in the disease parkinsonism (shaking palsy) (Levodopa).
• Hypnotic: A central nervous system depressant that with suitable dosage, induces sleep.
• Narcotic: A drug that induces its pharmacologic action by reacting with central nervous system receptors that respond to morphine, or a drug legally classified as a narcotic with regard to prescribing regulations.
• Relaxant, Skeletal Muscle: A drug that inhibits contracting of voluntary muscles, usually by interfering with innervations.
• Sedative: A central nervous system depressant which, in suitable dosage, induces mild relaxation and reduces emotional tension.
• Antidiabetic: A drug that replaces insulin or stimulates secretion of insulin, useful in treating diabetes mellitus. (Insulin Zink Suspension).
• Analgesic: A drug that selectively suppresses pain perception e.g. Aspirin.
• Anti-inflammatory: A drug that inhibits the physiologic response to cell damage (inflammation). Prednisolone, DI Indomethacin, Declofenac sod. Etc..
• Antipyretic: A drug that lowers body temperature in the presence of fever.
• Antirheumatic: A drug that alleviates inflammatory symptoms of arthritis and related rheumatic diseases.
• Anesthetic, General: A drug that eliminates pain perception by inducing unconsciousness.
• Anesthetic, Local: A drug that eliminates pain perception in a limited body area by local action on sensory nerves.
• Antacid: A drug that neutralizes excess gastric acid locally. (Aluminum Hydroxide Gel).
• Anthelmintic: A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic nematodes and cestodes; causative agents of intestinal worm infestations. (Piperazine Citrate).
• Anti-amebic: A drug that kills or inhibits the pathogenic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, causative agent of intestinal and extra intestinal amebasis.
• Antidote, General Purpose: A drug that prevents or minimizes the effects of an ingested poison (or drug overdose) by adsorption of the toxic material while in the gastrointestinal tract. (Activated Charcoal). (Simethicone).
• Anti-emetic: A drug that prevents vomiting.
• Emetic: A drug that induces vomiting useful in removing unabsorbed accidentally ingested poisons (Ipecas).
• Antiflatulent: A drug that reduces gastrointestinal gas.
• Antibacterial: A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic bacteria.
• Antifungal, Systemic: A systemically active drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic fungi that cause systemic, gastrointestinal or topical infections (Griseoulvin).
• Antifungal, Topical: A topically active drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic fungi that cause topical infections.
• Anti-infective, Topical (or Local): A drug that kills or inhibits a variety of pathogenic microorganisms and is suitable for sterilizing the skin or wounds.
• Antimalarial: A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa that cause malaria. (Chloroquine Phosphate).
• Antiprotozoal: A drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa, such as Giardia lamblia. (Quinacrine Hydrochloride antiprotozoal for giardiasis).
• Antiviral, Prophylactic: A drug useful in preventing (rather than treating) viral infections.
• Disinfectant: An agent that destroys microorganisms on contact and suitable for sterilizing inanimate objects (Formaldehyde Solution).
• Anti-eczematic: A topical drug that aids in control of chronic exudative skin lesions (Coal Tar).
• Astringent: A mild protein precipitant suitable for topical application to toughen and shrink tissues.
• Caustic: A topical drug that destroys tissues on contact, useful in removing abnormal skin lesions.
• Detergent: An emulsifying agent used as a cleanser, as for the skin.
• Emollient: A topical drug, especially an oil or fat, used to soften the skin (Cold Cream).
• Irritant, Local: A drug that reacts weakly and nonspecifically with biological tissue, used topically to induce inflammatory response.
• Keratolytic: A topical drug that softens the superficial keratin-containing layer the skin and promotes its desquamation (Salicylic Acid).
• Scabicide: An insecticide suitable for topical use on human to eradicate the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies).
• Sun Screening Agent: A skin protectant that absorbs light energy at the wavelengths that cause sunburn (Aminobenzoic Acid)