Pharmacology Week 1 Quiz - Physical Therapy

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best defines pharmacology?

The study of how drugs are synthesized.

The science of making medication prescriptions.

The clinical trial processes for drug approval.

The branch of medicine focused on drugs and their interaction with biological systems. (correct)

What does the term 'pharmacodynamics' refer to?

The process by which drugs undergo metabolism and excretion.

The collection of data during clinical trials.

The study of drug absorption and distribution.

The mechanism of drug action and its relationship to dosage. (correct)

Which of the following is a key concept in pharmacokinetics?

Half-life and order of kinetics. (correct)

Drug interaction with other medications.

Mechanisms of drug action.

Drug evaluation and approval.

What is the primary focus of clinical pharmacology?

Evaluating drug action, administration routes, and safe dosages. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does not directly relate to drug safety and effectiveness?

Drug synthesis and formulation. Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the nature of drugs?

Chemicals that can alter the functions of living organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the steady-state plasma concentration in pharmacokinetics?

It represents the balance between drug absorption and elimination. Signup and view all the answers

Which department is the course 'Pharmacology' part of?

Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Signup and view all the answers

What does pharmacodynamics primarily study?

The biological and therapeutic effects of drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sources contributes the majority of drugs currently used in therapeutics?

Synthetic sources Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of pharmacokinetics?

The study of how the body processes a drug Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of pharmacology deals specifically with the selection and use of drugs for disease treatment?

Pharmacotherapeutics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes nephrotoxicity?

Toxic effects on the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What do agonists do in pharmacology?

They bind to receptors and produce a biological response Signup and view all the answers

In the drug classification based on therapeutic use, which of the following represents a class of drugs used to lower blood pressure?

Antihypertensives Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding toxicology?

It deals with the science of poisons and their effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antagonists in pharmacology?

To block receptors and prevent a biological response Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Effective Dose (ED50)' refer to?

The dosage required for half of the maximum effect Signup and view all the answers

What does a high Therapeutic Index (TI) indicate?

The drug is relatively safe for use Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of metabolism in pharmacokinetics?

To modify the drug biochemically, often in the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the process of excretion?

The removal of drugs from the body, primarily via urine Signup and view all the answers

What types of receptors are involved in regulating ion flow across cell membranes?

Ion Channels Signup and view all the answers

Which pharmacokinetic principle is influenced by drug formulation and route of administration?

Absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the Volume of Distribution (Vd) primarily concerned with?

The apparent volume in which a drug is distributed in the body Signup and view all the answers

What role do enzyme-linked receptors play in drug action?

They activate enzymatic activity upon drug binding. Signup and view all the answers

How do nuclear receptors function when activated by drugs?

They influence gene expression and protein synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing drug action in individuals?

Body Temperature Signup and view all the answers

What concept explains how the body processes drugs?

Pharmacokinetics Signup and view all the answers

What does the dose-response relationship help to understand?

Both therapeutic and toxic effects of drugs. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a significant factor affecting drug metabolism?

Age-related differences in metabolism. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of pharmacology in medicine?

To understand how drugs impact body functions. Signup and view all the answers

What principle is essential for determining the correct dosing of medications?

ADME principles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Istanbul Gelisim University
Faculty of Health Sciences
Contact Information: +90 212 422 70 00
Website: https://www.gelisim.edu.tr

Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation (Pharmacology)

Course Code and Name: Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation (Pharmacology)
Course Week: Week 1
Course Day and Time: Thursday 09:00-11:50
Course Credit/ACTS Information: 3/6
Examination Type and Gradings: Midterm and Final exam
Instructor's Name & Surname: Asst. Prof. Gloria Nnadwa Alhassan
E-mail & Phone: [email protected]
Instructor's Room: B-Block Third floor
Office Hours: 12:00
GBS Link: https://gbs.gelisim.edu.tr/en/lesson-details-17-319-12132
ALMS Link: https://lms.gelisim.edu.tr/almsp/u/Home/Index
AYESIS Link: https://avesis.gelisim.edu.tr/

Weekly Course Contents

Each week includes Preparatory and Topics
Preparatory: Literature Search, Database review (e.g., basic concepts of pharmacology, toxicology)
Topics: Detailed exploration of drug actions and effects
Includes a midterm exam and final exam

Weekly Learning Outcomes

Define various terminologies used in Pharmacology
Understand drug nature and sources
Understand pharmacodynamics (mechanism of action, dose relationship, etc.)
Understand pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion)
Understand theoretical pharmacokinetics (half-life, order of kinetics, and steady-state plasma concentration)
Understand drug safety and effectiveness
Understand new drug development

Introduction to Pharmacology

Branch of medicine focused on drugs
Studies drug sources, nature, and properties
Examines how drugs interact with biological systems
Intended to affect function

Key Terminologies and Definitions

Clinical Pharmacology: Evaluates drug action and safe dosages in humans
Drugs: Alter living organism functions (diagnosis, prevention, control, or cure of disease)
Pharmacy: Identification, selection, preservation, standardization, compounding, and dispensing of medical substances
Pharmacodynamics: The study of a drug's biological and therapeutic effects
Pharmacokinetics: Study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)

Key Terminologies and Definitions Continued

Pharmacotherapeutics: Proper selection and utilization of drugs for prevention and disease treatment
Toxicology: Study of poisons, including how drugs act as poisons in larger doses
Chemotherapy: Drug effect on microorganisms, parasites, and neoplastic cells
Pharmacopoeia: Official code listing established drugs, physical properties, and tests for purity and potency

Drug Sources

Minerals (e.g., liquid paraffin, magnesium sulfate)
Animals (e.g., insulin, heparin)
Plants (e.g., morphine, digoxin)
Synthetic sources (e.g., aspirin, paracetamol)
Microorganisms (e.g., penicillin, streptomycin)
Genetic engineering (e.g., human insulin)
Majority of current therapeutics are synthetic

Major Branches of Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics: Study of how drugs affect the body
Mechanisms of drug action, therapeutic effects, and side effects
Pharmacokinetics: How the body processes drugs (ADME)
Time course of drug action and its relationship to drug concentration at the site of action

Major Branches of Pharmacology (Continued)

Process of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
How these factors affect drug concentration in the body
How this contributes to effectiveness and potential toxicity

Drug Classifications

Based on therapeutic use (e.g., antihypertensives, antibiotics)
Based on mechanism of action (e.g., beta-blockers, enzyme inhibitors)
Based on chemical structure (e.g., steroids, sulfonamides)

Key Concepts in Pharmacology

Drug Action:
Agonists: Initiate a biological response by binding to receptors
Antagonists: Block receptors, preventing a response
Partial agonists: Create a moderate response even with all bound receptors
Dose-Response Relationship:
Effective Dose (ED50): Dose needed for 50% of maximal effect
Toxic Dose (TD50): Dose causing toxic effects in 50% of the population
Lethal Dose (LD50): Dose causing death in 50% of the population
Therapeutic Index (TI): Ratio of toxic dose and effective dose; higher TI=safer drug
Potency and Efficacy (Potency: amount needed, Efficacy: maximum effect)

Pharmacokinetics: ADME Principles

Absorption: Drug entry into the bloodstream
influenced by formulation, route, and solubility
Distribution: Drug delivery to tissues and organs (Volume of Distribution)
Metabolism: Drug modification (primarily in the liver)
includes first-pass metabolism if through the gastrointestinal tract
Excretion: Drug removal from the body (primarily through kidneys)

Drug Receptor Interactions

Receptors: Specific proteins on cell surfaces that initiate cellular responses
Ion Channels: Drugs regulate ion flow across membranes
G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs): Common type, intracellular signals triggered by drug binding
Enzyme-Linked Receptors: Enzymatic activity upon drug binding
Nuclear Receptors: Affect gene expression and protein synthesis

Factors Affecting Drug Action

Age: Impact on drug metabolism
Body Weight: Adjustment of doses for appropriate body mass
Genetics: Variations in genes affecting metabolism
Disease States: Liver, or kidney impairment impacting drug clearance
Drug Interactions: Combined drugs effect

What to Take Home

Pharmacology's role in understanding drug effects and body processes
Concepts of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
Importance of the dose-response relationship
Significance of ADME principles in adjusting drug dosages

Questions and Suggestions

Key differences between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Drug-receptor interaction; its significance in pharmacology
Review terms: bioavailability, half-life, agonists, antagonists
Real-life examples of drug interactions

Recommended Daily Studies

Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

References

Several pharmacology textbooks (Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dale's Condensed E-Book, etc.)

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Description

Test your understanding of pharmacology fundamentals in this Week 1 quiz for the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation course. Dive into the basic concepts of pharmacology and toxicology through engaging questions that will reinforce your learning.