Pharmacology Basics: Pharm, Cardio & Monitoring

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Questions and Answers

What class of GI medications completely stops acid production?

Antacids

Proton pump inhibitors (correct)

Antidiarrheals

H2 blockers

What is a common side effect of first-generation antihistamines?

Drowsiness (correct)

Nausea

Dry mouth

Increased heart rate

What type of medications is used to treat opioid overdoses?

Fluticasone

Aspirin

Albuterol

Naloxone (correct)

What is a contraindication for antidiarrheals?

Bowel impaction Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is known to carry a risk of infection when used long-term?

Proton pump inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of NSAIDs?

Pain relief and reducing inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What organ is most affected by acetaminophen toxicity?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What property does aspirin have in addition to pain relief?

Lowers risk of stroke or blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications should be avoided to reduce the risk of gastric ulcers?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary monitoring lab for Heparin therapy?

aPTT Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for Coumadin?

Vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

Which medications are considered central acting calcium channel blockers?

Verapamil and Diltiazem Signup and view all the answers

Which class of GI medications is affected by smoking, reducing their effectiveness?

Proton Pump Inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors?

Dry cough and low blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump in the heart?

Cardiac glycosides Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects associated with peripheral acting calcium channel blockers?

Drowsiness and euphoria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the side effects of first-generation antipsychotics?

Bradykinesia is a common side effect. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary therapeutic effect of atropine when administered intravenously?

Increases heart rate and decreases GI secretions. Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibiotic is Gentamicin, and what is a critical lab to monitor?

Aminoglycoside; monitor serum creatinine and BUN. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the physiological effect of blocking beta 1 receptors?

Decreases heart rate and blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drug classes have a risk for cross-sensitivity due to their chemical structure?

Penicillin and Cephalosporin. Signup and view all the answers

What are the common symptoms of phlebitis, and what is a recommended nursing action?

Redness and warmth; remove the IV and apply heat. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the gastrointestinal system?

It reduces blood flow to the gut. Signup and view all the answers

The peak level of a drug is defined as which of the following?

When the drug has its highest concentration in the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Pharm

Pharmacokinetics involves four processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Bioavailability is the proportion of a drug that enters the bloodstream and has an active effect.
The first-pass effect is the metabolism of a drug in the liver after it's taken, reducing its bioavailability.
Highly protein-bound drugs can become toxic if protein levels are low, as they remain in the body longer.
Drug metabolism involves chemically altering drugs in the liver so they can be excreted.

Cardio

Symptoms of right-sided heart failure include swelling, shortness of breath, and weight gain.
Side effects of ACE inhibitors include dry cough, low blood pressure, and high potassium levels.
Cardiac glycosides work by inhibiting sodium-potassium pumps in heart muscle cells, treating heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Monitoring is crucial for toxicity, which can manifest in various ways.

Lab Monitoring & Antidotes

Coumadin is monitored by PT and INR and Vitamin K is the antidote.
Heparin is monitored by aPTT and protamine sulfate is the antidote.

Gastro

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be avoided or used cautiously due to potential gastric ulcers.
Antacids should be separated by 1-2 hours from other medications.
Histamine H2 blockers' effectiveness can be reduced by smoking, increasing acid production.

Respiratory

First-generation antihistamines can cause drowsiness and reduced coordination.
Fluticasone (Flovent) should be used regularly, even without symptoms, and users should report any skin rashes.
Medications can target smooth muscle, submucosa, fibroblasts, and the mucosa basement membrane.
Systemic corticosteroids have short-term and long-term side effects including increased medication use, withdrawal syndrome, insomnia, elevated blood pressure, and infections.

CNS

Narcan (Naloxone) is used to treat opioid overdoses.
NSAIDs are used for pain relief, fever reduction, and inflammation (including reducing the risk of stroke and blood clots). Aspirin has additional blood clotting benefits.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is an analgesic, with a limit of 3000 mg daily. Liver damage is a major concern at higher doses.
Antiepileptic drugs can cause drowsiness, mood changes, and gum swelling

Autonomic NS

Beta-1 receptors are in the heart, and beta-2 receptors are in the lungs. Blocking these receptors affects heart rate, blood pressure, and lung function .
The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and blood pressure, and causes bronchodilation. The parasympathetic nervous system does the reverse.

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Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts in pharmacology, including pharmacokinetics and the effects of drugs on the cardiovascular system. Key topics such as bioavailability, heart failure symptoms, and monitoring for toxicity are discussed. Test your knowledge on these essential principles for effective medication management.