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Questions and Answers
What class of GI medications completely stops acid production?
What class of GI medications completely stops acid production?
What is a common side effect of first-generation antihistamines?
What is a common side effect of first-generation antihistamines?
What type of medications is used to treat opioid overdoses?
What type of medications is used to treat opioid overdoses?
What is a contraindication for antidiarrheals?
What is a contraindication for antidiarrheals?
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Which drug class is known to carry a risk of infection when used long-term?
Which drug class is known to carry a risk of infection when used long-term?
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What is the primary use of NSAIDs?
What is the primary use of NSAIDs?
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What organ is most affected by acetaminophen toxicity?
What organ is most affected by acetaminophen toxicity?
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What property does aspirin have in addition to pain relief?
What property does aspirin have in addition to pain relief?
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Which class of medications should be avoided to reduce the risk of gastric ulcers?
Which class of medications should be avoided to reduce the risk of gastric ulcers?
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What is the primary monitoring lab for Heparin therapy?
What is the primary monitoring lab for Heparin therapy?
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What is the antidote for Coumadin?
What is the antidote for Coumadin?
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Which medications are considered central acting calcium channel blockers?
Which medications are considered central acting calcium channel blockers?
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Which class of GI medications is affected by smoking, reducing their effectiveness?
Which class of GI medications is affected by smoking, reducing their effectiveness?
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What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors?
What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors?
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Which medication class works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump in the heart?
Which medication class works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump in the heart?
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What are the side effects associated with peripheral acting calcium channel blockers?
What are the side effects associated with peripheral acting calcium channel blockers?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the side effects of first-generation antipsychotics?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the side effects of first-generation antipsychotics?
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What is the primary therapeutic effect of atropine when administered intravenously?
What is the primary therapeutic effect of atropine when administered intravenously?
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What type of antibiotic is Gentamicin, and what is a critical lab to monitor?
What type of antibiotic is Gentamicin, and what is a critical lab to monitor?
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Which of the following best describes the physiological effect of blocking beta 1 receptors?
Which of the following best describes the physiological effect of blocking beta 1 receptors?
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Which of the following drug classes have a risk for cross-sensitivity due to their chemical structure?
Which of the following drug classes have a risk for cross-sensitivity due to their chemical structure?
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What are the common symptoms of phlebitis, and what is a recommended nursing action?
What are the common symptoms of phlebitis, and what is a recommended nursing action?
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Which statement accurately describes the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the gastrointestinal system?
Which statement accurately describes the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the gastrointestinal system?
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The peak level of a drug is defined as which of the following?
The peak level of a drug is defined as which of the following?
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Flashcards
Beta-blockers priority assessment
Beta-blockers priority assessment
Monitor heart rate and blood pressure when a patient is taking beta-blockers.
Beta 1 receptors location
Beta 1 receptors location
Located in the heart.
Beta 2 receptors location
Beta 2 receptors location
Located in the lungs.
Sympathetic Nervous System effect on HR
Sympathetic Nervous System effect on HR
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Aminoglycoside antibiotic example
Aminoglycoside antibiotic example
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Labs to monitor with Gentamicin
Labs to monitor with Gentamicin
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Phlebitis symptoms
Phlebitis symptoms
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Atropine IV effect
Atropine IV effect
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Pharmacokinetic Processes
Pharmacokinetic Processes
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Bioavailability
Bioavailability
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First-Pass Effect
First-Pass Effect
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Low Protein & Highly Protein Bound Drugs
Low Protein & Highly Protein Bound Drugs
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Right-Sided Heart Failure Symptoms
Right-Sided Heart Failure Symptoms
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ACE Inhibitor Side Effects
ACE Inhibitor Side Effects
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GI Medications & Smoking (GERD)
GI Medications & Smoking (GERD)
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NSAID and Gastric Ulcers
NSAID and Gastric Ulcers
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Histamine H2 blockers
Histamine H2 blockers
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Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
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Antidiarrheals contraindication
Antidiarrheals contraindication
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Fluticasone (Flovent) Teaching Points
Fluticasone (Flovent) Teaching Points
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Albuterol (Ventolin) side effects
Albuterol (Ventolin) side effects
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Systemic Corticosteroids side effects (long-term)
Systemic Corticosteroids side effects (long-term)
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Narcan's Use
Narcan's Use
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Tylenol's role & toxicity
Tylenol's role & toxicity
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Study Notes
Basic Pharm
- Pharmacokinetics involves four processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
- Bioavailability is the proportion of a drug that enters the bloodstream and has an active effect.
- The first-pass effect is the metabolism of a drug in the liver after it's taken, reducing its bioavailability.
- Highly protein-bound drugs can become toxic if protein levels are low, as they remain in the body longer.
- Drug metabolism involves chemically altering drugs in the liver so they can be excreted.
Cardio
- Symptoms of right-sided heart failure include swelling, shortness of breath, and weight gain.
- Side effects of ACE inhibitors include dry cough, low blood pressure, and high potassium levels.
- Cardiac glycosides work by inhibiting sodium-potassium pumps in heart muscle cells, treating heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Monitoring is crucial for toxicity, which can manifest in various ways.
Lab Monitoring & Antidotes
- Coumadin is monitored by PT and INR and Vitamin K is the antidote.
- Heparin is monitored by aPTT and protamine sulfate is the antidote.
Gastro
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be avoided or used cautiously due to potential gastric ulcers.
- Antacids should be separated by 1-2 hours from other medications.
- Histamine H2 blockers' effectiveness can be reduced by smoking, increasing acid production.
Respiratory
- First-generation antihistamines can cause drowsiness and reduced coordination.
- Fluticasone (Flovent) should be used regularly, even without symptoms, and users should report any skin rashes.
- Medications can target smooth muscle, submucosa, fibroblasts, and the mucosa basement membrane.
- Systemic corticosteroids have short-term and long-term side effects including increased medication use, withdrawal syndrome, insomnia, elevated blood pressure, and infections.
CNS
- Narcan (Naloxone) is used to treat opioid overdoses.
- NSAIDs are used for pain relief, fever reduction, and inflammation (including reducing the risk of stroke and blood clots). Aspirin has additional blood clotting benefits.
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is an analgesic, with a limit of 3000 mg daily. Liver damage is a major concern at higher doses.
- Antiepileptic drugs can cause drowsiness, mood changes, and gum swelling
Autonomic NS
- Beta-1 receptors are in the heart, and beta-2 receptors are in the lungs. Blocking these receptors affects heart rate, blood pressure, and lung function .
- The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and blood pressure, and causes bronchodilation. The parasympathetic nervous system does the reverse.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts in pharmacology, including pharmacokinetics and the effects of drugs on the cardiovascular system. Key topics such as bioavailability, heart failure symptoms, and monitoring for toxicity are discussed. Test your knowledge on these essential principles for effective medication management.
