Steroid Hormones and Their Antagonists
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Questions and Answers

Which adverse effect is associated with nilutamide?

  • Nausea
  • Visual problems (correct)
  • Gynecomastia
  • Constipation

Why is carboplatin preferred over cisplatin in some cases?

  • Higher efficacy
  • Less drug interactions
  • Lower toxicity (correct)
  • Faster onset of action

What is the mechanism of action of platinum coordination complex drugs like cisplatin?

  • They block DNA replication
  • They inhibit protein synthesis
  • They target cell membranes
  • They form inter- and intrastrand cross-links with DNA (correct)

In addition to carboplatin, what other platinum coordination complex drug is mentioned for colorectal cancer treatment?

<p>Oxaliplatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tumor type is NOT mentioned as an indication for cisplatin use?

<p>Breast carcinoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What rare adverse effect has been associated with flutamide use?

<p>Liver failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which tamoxifen prevents estrogen stimulation of breast cancer cells?

<p>Competing with estrogen for intracellular receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the removal of hormonal stimuli from hormonedependent tumors typically accomplished?

<p>Surgery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific type of tumor regresses following treatment with a specific hormone?

<p>Hormone dependent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs is used in breast cancer treatment to prevent estrogen stimulation of cancer cells?

<p>Aromatase inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must a cell have in order for a steroid hormone to influence it?

<p>Cytosolic receptors specific for that hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antiestrogen medication is mentioned to prevent estrogen stimulation of breast cancer cells?

<p>Raloxifene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinct adverse effect of Oxaliplatin?

<p>Cold-induced peripheral neuropathy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme do topoisomerase inhibitors primarily inhibit?

<p>Topoisomerase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs are considered first-line for treating breast cancer in postmenopausal women?

<p>Anastrozole and letrozole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Camptothecins?

<p>Inhibition of topoisomerase I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is involved in the hepatic metabolism of Exemestane?

<p>CYP3A4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used with 5-FU and leucovorin for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma?

<p>Irinotecan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major toxicities associated with Exemestane?

<p>Nausea, fatigue, and hot flashes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the class of enzymes that reduce supercoiling of DNA?

<p>Topoisomerases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are primarily stimulated by Leuprolide, goserelin, and triptorelin?

<p>Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the active metabolite of Irinotecan that is potent in inhibiting topoisomerase I?

<p>SN-38 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are Anastrozole and letrozole primarily excreted from the body?

<p>Mainly in urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Exemestane from Anastrozole and letrozole in terms of inhibition?

<p>Exemestane is an irreversible inhibitor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are monoclonal antibodies typically administered?

<p>Intravenously (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymes are targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors?

<p>Tyrosine kinases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of immune checkpoint inhibitors?

<p>Enhance the immune system's ability to attack tumors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes monoclonal antibodies in terms of adverse effects compared to traditional chemotherapy agents?

<p>They are directed at specific targets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are tyrosine kinase inhibitors usually administered?

<p>Orally (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors?

<p>Enhancing immune system response against tumors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration for bortezomib is associated with less neuropathy?

<p>Subcutaneous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended prophylaxis for patients receiving therapy with bortezomib?

<p>Antiviral prophylaxis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug has an adverse effect profile similar to bortezomib and is administered orally?

<p>Ixazomib (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of carfilzomib administration?

<p>Hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumors respond well to proteasome inhibition therapy?

<p>Malignant tumors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of bortezomib therapy that may require antiviral prophylaxis?

<p>Herpes zoster reactivation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with carfilzomib use?

<p>Hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable gastrointestinal adverse effect shared by bortezomib and carfilzomib?

<p>Diarrhea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason why malignant cells respond well to proteasome inhibition?

<p>Increased apoptosis resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential gastrointestinal issue may patients experience as an adverse effect of ixazomib, similar to bortezomib?

<p>Diarrhea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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