Pharmacology Chapter 40: Androgens and Anabolic Steroids

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What is the primary location of testosterone production in men?

Leydig cells in the testicles (correct)

Hypothalamus

Adrenal glands

Pituitary gland

What is the typical estradiol level in a 18-year-old woman?

7-40 pg/mL

17-200 pg/mL (correct)

5-20 ng/mL

10-60 pg/mL

What is the role of androgens in the body?

Regulation of ovulation

Steroid hormones that promote male characteristics (correct)

Development of female secondary sex characteristics

Production of estrogen

What is the mechanism of action of androgens?

Stimulation of protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical progesterone level in a pregnant woman during the first trimester?

11.2-90.0 ng/mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in steroid hormone levels between men and women?

Men have higher levels of testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor molecule for steroid hormones?

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is believed to be a mediator of androgen actions on adipose tissue?

AR actions in muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is a psychological benefit of testosterone?

Improves spatial memory Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of exercise therapy?

Maintains androgen levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a secondary sex feature promoted by testosterone?

Development of male secondary sex features Signup and view all the answers

What is a cellular benefit of testosterone?

Promotes cellular DNA repair capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of low testosterone levels?

Depression Signup and view all the answers

What is a physiological benefit of testosterone?

Promotes hematopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in vertebrates, including humans?

To control the reproductive function Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids does GnRH, the principal molecule that regulates reproductive function, consist of?

10 amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of neurons that synthesize GnRH in the human hypothalamus?

1000 neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormone that regulates the reproductive function in vertebrates, including humans?

Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis?

Adrenal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the journal where the article 'A Population-Level Decline in Serum Testosterone Levels in American Men' was published?

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the article 'Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis' published in PNAS in 2007?

J. Larry Jameson Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of erythrocytosis in individuals using anabolic steroids?

Increased red blood cell production Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using anabolic steroids with low androgenic properties?

To minimize unwanted androgenic effects in female patients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a permanent androgenic effect of testosterone?

Deepening of voice Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of testosterone withdrawal?

Testosterone deficiency due to treatment cessation or improper dosing Signup and view all the answers

What is the anabolic-to-androgenic ratio of Winstrol (Stanazolol)?

30:1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment indication of Oxandrin (Oxandrolone)?

Treatment of burn and trauma patients Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of Winstrol (Stanazolol)?

Low E2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why total testosterone level may be normal despite excess androgen in certain individuals?

Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe hirsutism that develops without excess androgen?

Idiopathic hirsutism Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the score used to assess the degree of hirsutism?

Ferriman-Gallwey score Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential side effect of using flutamide?

Hepatotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

In individuals with hypothyroidism, what is typically observed?

Low levels of sex hormone–binding globulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the fraction of plasma testosterone that is free or bound to albumin?

Bioavailable testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a GnRH analog in combination with an androgen receptor antagonist?

To treat metastatic prostate cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the androgen receptor antagonist mentioned in the text?

Flutamide Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the condition where hirsutism develops without excess androgen?