37 Questions
What is the primary location of testosterone production in men?
Leydig cells in the testicles
What is the typical estradiol level in a 18-year-old woman?
17-200 pg/mL
What is the role of androgens in the body?
Steroid hormones that promote male characteristics
What is the mechanism of action of androgens?
Stimulation of protein synthesis
What is the typical progesterone level in a pregnant woman during the first trimester?
11.2-90.0 ng/mL
What is the main difference in steroid hormone levels between men and women?
Men have higher levels of testosterone
What is the precursor molecule for steroid hormones?
Cholesterol
What is believed to be a mediator of androgen actions on adipose tissue?
AR actions in muscle
What is a psychological benefit of testosterone?
Improves spatial memory
What is a potential benefit of exercise therapy?
Maintains androgen levels
What is a secondary sex feature promoted by testosterone?
Development of male secondary sex features
What is a cellular benefit of testosterone?
Promotes cellular DNA repair capacity
What is a potential consequence of low testosterone levels?
Depression
What is a physiological benefit of testosterone?
Promotes hematopoiesis
What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in vertebrates, including humans?
To control the reproductive function
How many amino acids does GnRH, the principal molecule that regulates reproductive function, consist of?
10 amino acids
What is the approximate number of neurons that synthesize GnRH in the human hypothalamus?
1000 neurons
What is the name of the hormone that regulates the reproductive function in vertebrates, including humans?
Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Which of the following is NOT a component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis?
Adrenal cortex
What is the title of the journal where the article 'A Population-Level Decline in Serum Testosterone Levels in American Men' was published?
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Who is the author of the article 'Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis' published in PNAS in 2007?
J. Larry Jameson
What is the primary cause of erythrocytosis in individuals using anabolic steroids?
Increased red blood cell production
What is the purpose of using anabolic steroids with low androgenic properties?
To minimize unwanted androgenic effects in female patients
Which of the following is a permanent androgenic effect of testosterone?
Deepening of voice
What is the primary cause of testosterone withdrawal?
Testosterone deficiency due to treatment cessation or improper dosing
What is the anabolic-to-androgenic ratio of Winstrol (Stanazolol)?
30:1
What is the treatment indication of Oxandrin (Oxandrolone)?
Treatment of burn and trauma patients
What is a common side effect of Winstrol (Stanazolol)?
Low E2
What is the primary reason why total testosterone level may be normal despite excess androgen in certain individuals?
Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia
What is the term used to describe hirsutism that develops without excess androgen?
Idiopathic hirsutism
What is the name of the score used to assess the degree of hirsutism?
Ferriman-Gallwey score
What is the potential side effect of using flutamide?
Hepatotoxicity
In individuals with hypothyroidism, what is typically observed?
Low levels of sex hormone–binding globulin
What is the term used to describe the fraction of plasma testosterone that is free or bound to albumin?
Bioavailable testosterone
What is the purpose of using a GnRH analog in combination with an androgen receptor antagonist?
To treat metastatic prostate cancer
What is the name of the androgen receptor antagonist mentioned in the text?
Flutamide
What is the term used to describe the condition where hirsutism develops without excess androgen?
Idiopathic hirsutism
This quiz covers the basics of androgens and anabolic steroids, including steroidal sex hormones, systemic regulation, biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and systemic function. Learn about the main sex steroid hormones and their production ratios. Based on Chapter 40 of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13th edition.
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