Pharmacology Quiz: Parasympathetic Nervous System and Pain Relief Drugs
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Questions and Answers

What type of drug is responsible for providing relief of pain without loss of consciousness?

  • Analgesic (correct)
  • Narcotic
  • Anticholinergic
  • Sedative

    • Who conducts the preoperative assessment of a surgical patient?

  • Anesthesiologist
  • Anesthesiologist assistant (AA)
  • Surgeon (correct)
  • Certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA)

    • Which neurotransmitter's action is blocked by anticholinergic drugs?

  • Acetylcholine (correct)
  • Endorphins
  • Serotonin
  • Dopamine

    • What is the main purpose of a preoperative assessment for a surgical patient?

    <p>Confirming the patient's surgical diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which professional does not typically perform a preoperative anesthesia evaluation?

    <p>Surgeon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes analgesics from narcotics?

    <p>Relief of pain without loss of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a preoperative anesthesia evaluation?

    <p>To determine the optimal anesthetic plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classify the patient's status?

    <p>Physical status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication is typically given to relieve a patient's preoperative anxiety?

    <p>Sedative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to relieve pain and reduce the amount of anesthesia needed during surgery?

    <p>Analgesic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication inhibits mucous secretions of the respiratory system and digestive tract?

    <p>Anticholinergics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is administered preoperatively to reduce nausea and vomiting?

    <p>Antiemetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common group of preoperative sedatives used?

    <p>Benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drug does not belong to the benzodiazepine family?

    <p>Promethazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ratio of medication in milligrams per kilogram of a patient's weight demonstrate?

    <p>$mg/kg$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication is generally given to relieve a patient's preoperative anxiety?

    <p>Sedative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is gum chewing not allowed preoperatively?

    <p>It increases gastric fluid volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of anticholinergics when administered preoperatively?

    <p>Vagolysis by blocking vagus nerve receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is classified as an opioid analgesic?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Meperidine (Demerol) in preoperative medication?

    <p>Opioid analgesic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category of medication does Ranitidine (Zantac) belong to?

    <p>Antacid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used primarily for preventing nausea and vomiting in preoperative care?

    <p>Ondansetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug belongs to the benzodiazepine family and has the generic name of diazepam?

    <p>Valium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trade name for midazolam, a drug from the benzodiazepine family?

    <p>Versed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug, part of the benzodiazepine family, is known as lorazepam?

    <p>Ativan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What subcategory do opiates belong to?

    <p>Analgesics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known as Astramorph in its trade name and is a natural opioid?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Duramorph's trade name, a natural opioid commonly administered preoperatively?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Metoclopramide (Reglan)?

    <p>Gastrokinetic agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used preoperatively as an antiemetic?

    <p>Zofran</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Atropine, an anticholinergic, primarily decrease?

    <p>Mucous secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are analgesics administered preoperatively to trauma patients?

    <p>To relieve pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benzodiazepine is commonly administered preoperatively?

    <p>Versed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Scopolamine classified as, except?

    <p>Analgesic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug belongs to the proton-pump inhibitor category?

    <p>Nexium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiemetic medication carries an FDA Black Box warning?

    <p>Inapsine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of preoperative administration of sodium citrate (Bicitra)?

    <p>To neutralize gastric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used to minimize the damage caused by aspiration of gastric contents during surgery?

    <p>Bicitra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may lead to gastroesophageal reflux?

    <p>Relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is an H2 blocker used preoperatively?

    <p>Ranitidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of H2 blockers like ranitidine (Zantac) when given preoperatively?

    <p>Inhibit the production of gastric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is not a focus during a preoperative assessment?

    <p>Melanoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sodium citrate metabolize into that helps neutralize gastric acid?

    <p><strong>Sodium bicarbonate</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of metoclopramide (Reglan) in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p><strong>Increase gastrointestinal motility</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anesthesia and Medications

    • Anticholinergics:
      • Block parasympathetic nerve impulses
      • Examples: atropine, glycopyrrolate
      • Inhibit mucous secretions of the respiratory system and digestive tract
    • Analgesics:
      • Provide pain relief without loss of consciousness
      • Examples: opioids (morphine, meperidine)
    • Sedatives:
      • Relieve anxiety
      • Examples: benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam)

    Preoperative Assessment

    • Conducted by anesthesiologist, certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA), or anesthesiologist assistant (AA)
    • Purposes:
      • Confirm surgical diagnosis
      • Assess other medical conditions
      • Determine patient's physical status

    American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Classification

    • Physical Status:
      • P1: normal healthy patient
      • P2: patient with mild systemic disease
      • P3: patient with severe systemic disease
      • P4: patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life
    • Gastric Acid Neutralization:
      • Sodium citrate with citric acid (Bicitra) neutralizes gastric acid
      • H2 blockers (famotidine, ranitidine) reduce gastric acid production

    Medications

    • Opioids:
      • Morphine (Astramorph, Duramorph) - natural opioid
      • Meperidine (Demerol) - synthetic opioid
    • Antiemetics:
      • Ondansetron (Zofran) - commonly used preoperatively
      • Metoclopramide (Reglan) - gastrokinetic agent, stimulates motility of upper GI tract
    • Anticholinergics:
      • Atropine - blocks vagal response to certain stimuli
      • Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) - inhibits mucous secretions of respiratory system and digestive tract

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of pharmacology with questions about drugs that block parasympathetic nervous impulses and provide pain relief without loss of consciousness. Identify the correct drug types and their functions in this quiz.

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