Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of drug is responsible for providing relief of pain without loss of consciousness?
What type of drug is responsible for providing relief of pain without loss of consciousness?
- Analgesic (correct)
- Narcotic
- Anticholinergic
- Sedative
Who conducts the preoperative assessment of a surgical patient?
Who conducts the preoperative assessment of a surgical patient?
- Anesthesiologist
- Anesthesiologist assistant (AA)
- Surgeon (correct)
- Certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA)
Which neurotransmitter's action is blocked by anticholinergic drugs?
Which neurotransmitter's action is blocked by anticholinergic drugs?
- Acetylcholine (correct)
- Endorphins
- Serotonin
- Dopamine
What is the main purpose of a preoperative assessment for a surgical patient?
What is the main purpose of a preoperative assessment for a surgical patient?
Which professional does not typically perform a preoperative anesthesia evaluation?
Which professional does not typically perform a preoperative anesthesia evaluation?
What distinguishes analgesics from narcotics?
What distinguishes analgesics from narcotics?
What is the purpose of a preoperative anesthesia evaluation?
What is the purpose of a preoperative anesthesia evaluation?
How does the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classify the patient's status?
How does the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classify the patient's status?
What type of medication is typically given to relieve a patient's preoperative anxiety?
What type of medication is typically given to relieve a patient's preoperative anxiety?
Which medication is used to relieve pain and reduce the amount of anesthesia needed during surgery?
Which medication is used to relieve pain and reduce the amount of anesthesia needed during surgery?
What type of medication inhibits mucous secretions of the respiratory system and digestive tract?
What type of medication inhibits mucous secretions of the respiratory system and digestive tract?
Which medication is administered preoperatively to reduce nausea and vomiting?
Which medication is administered preoperatively to reduce nausea and vomiting?
What is the most common group of preoperative sedatives used?
What is the most common group of preoperative sedatives used?
What drug does not belong to the benzodiazepine family?
What drug does not belong to the benzodiazepine family?
What does the ratio of medication in milligrams per kilogram of a patient's weight demonstrate?
What does the ratio of medication in milligrams per kilogram of a patient's weight demonstrate?
What type of medication is generally given to relieve a patient's preoperative anxiety?
What type of medication is generally given to relieve a patient's preoperative anxiety?
Why is gum chewing not allowed preoperatively?
Why is gum chewing not allowed preoperatively?
What is the primary effect of anticholinergics when administered preoperatively?
What is the primary effect of anticholinergics when administered preoperatively?
Which of the following drugs is classified as an opioid analgesic?
Which of the following drugs is classified as an opioid analgesic?
What is the role of Meperidine (Demerol) in preoperative medication?
What is the role of Meperidine (Demerol) in preoperative medication?
What category of medication does Ranitidine (Zantac) belong to?
What category of medication does Ranitidine (Zantac) belong to?
Which drug is used primarily for preventing nausea and vomiting in preoperative care?
Which drug is used primarily for preventing nausea and vomiting in preoperative care?
Which drug belongs to the benzodiazepine family and has the generic name of diazepam?
Which drug belongs to the benzodiazepine family and has the generic name of diazepam?
What is the trade name for midazolam, a drug from the benzodiazepine family?
What is the trade name for midazolam, a drug from the benzodiazepine family?
Which drug, part of the benzodiazepine family, is known as lorazepam?
Which drug, part of the benzodiazepine family, is known as lorazepam?
What subcategory do opiates belong to?
What subcategory do opiates belong to?
Which drug is known as Astramorph in its trade name and is a natural opioid?
Which drug is known as Astramorph in its trade name and is a natural opioid?
What is Duramorph's trade name, a natural opioid commonly administered preoperatively?
What is Duramorph's trade name, a natural opioid commonly administered preoperatively?
What is the classification of Metoclopramide (Reglan)?
What is the classification of Metoclopramide (Reglan)?
Which medication is commonly used preoperatively as an antiemetic?
Which medication is commonly used preoperatively as an antiemetic?
What does Atropine, an anticholinergic, primarily decrease?
What does Atropine, an anticholinergic, primarily decrease?
Why are analgesics administered preoperatively to trauma patients?
Why are analgesics administered preoperatively to trauma patients?
Which benzodiazepine is commonly administered preoperatively?
Which benzodiazepine is commonly administered preoperatively?
What is Scopolamine classified as, except?
What is Scopolamine classified as, except?
Which drug belongs to the proton-pump inhibitor category?
Which drug belongs to the proton-pump inhibitor category?
Which antiemetic medication carries an FDA Black Box warning?
Which antiemetic medication carries an FDA Black Box warning?
What is the purpose of preoperative administration of sodium citrate (Bicitra)?
What is the purpose of preoperative administration of sodium citrate (Bicitra)?
Which medication is commonly used to minimize the damage caused by aspiration of gastric contents during surgery?
Which medication is commonly used to minimize the damage caused by aspiration of gastric contents during surgery?
What condition may lead to gastroesophageal reflux?
What condition may lead to gastroesophageal reflux?
Which agent is an H2 blocker used preoperatively?
Which agent is an H2 blocker used preoperatively?
What is the primary action of H2 blockers like ranitidine (Zantac) when given preoperatively?
What is the primary action of H2 blockers like ranitidine (Zantac) when given preoperatively?
Which condition is not a focus during a preoperative assessment?
Which condition is not a focus during a preoperative assessment?
What does sodium citrate metabolize into that helps neutralize gastric acid?
What does sodium citrate metabolize into that helps neutralize gastric acid?
What is the role of metoclopramide (Reglan) in the gastrointestinal system?
What is the role of metoclopramide (Reglan) in the gastrointestinal system?
Study Notes
Anesthesia and Medications
- Anticholinergics:
- Block parasympathetic nerve impulses
- Examples: atropine, glycopyrrolate
- Inhibit mucous secretions of the respiratory system and digestive tract
- Analgesics:
- Provide pain relief without loss of consciousness
- Examples: opioids (morphine, meperidine)
- Sedatives:
- Relieve anxiety
- Examples: benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam)
Preoperative Assessment
- Conducted by anesthesiologist, certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA), or anesthesiologist assistant (AA)
- Purposes:
- Confirm surgical diagnosis
- Assess other medical conditions
- Determine patient's physical status
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Classification
- Physical Status:
- P1: normal healthy patient
- P2: patient with mild systemic disease
- P3: patient with severe systemic disease
- P4: patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life
- Gastric Acid Neutralization:
- Sodium citrate with citric acid (Bicitra) neutralizes gastric acid
- H2 blockers (famotidine, ranitidine) reduce gastric acid production
Medications
- Opioids:
- Morphine (Astramorph, Duramorph) - natural opioid
- Meperidine (Demerol) - synthetic opioid
- Antiemetics:
- Ondansetron (Zofran) - commonly used preoperatively
- Metoclopramide (Reglan) - gastrokinetic agent, stimulates motility of upper GI tract
- Anticholinergics:
- Atropine - blocks vagal response to certain stimuli
- Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) - inhibits mucous secretions of respiratory system and digestive tract
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Description
Test your knowledge of pharmacology with questions about drugs that block parasympathetic nervous impulses and provide pain relief without loss of consciousness. Identify the correct drug types and their functions in this quiz.