44 Questions
What type of drug is responsible for providing relief of pain without loss of consciousness?
Analgesic
Who conducts the preoperative assessment of a surgical patient?
Surgeon
Which neurotransmitter's action is blocked by anticholinergic drugs?
Acetylcholine
What is the main purpose of a preoperative assessment for a surgical patient?
Confirming the patient's surgical diagnosis
Which professional does not typically perform a preoperative anesthesia evaluation?
Surgeon
What distinguishes analgesics from narcotics?
Relief of pain without loss of consciousness
What is the purpose of a preoperative anesthesia evaluation?
To determine the optimal anesthetic plan
How does the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classify the patient's status?
Physical status
What type of medication is typically given to relieve a patient's preoperative anxiety?
Sedative
Which medication is used to relieve pain and reduce the amount of anesthesia needed during surgery?
Analgesic
What type of medication inhibits mucous secretions of the respiratory system and digestive tract?
Anticholinergics
Which medication is administered preoperatively to reduce nausea and vomiting?
Antiemetics
What is the most common group of preoperative sedatives used?
Benzodiazepines
What drug does not belong to the benzodiazepine family?
Promethazine
What does the ratio of medication in milligrams per kilogram of a patient's weight demonstrate?
$mg/kg$
What type of medication is generally given to relieve a patient's preoperative anxiety?
Sedative
Why is gum chewing not allowed preoperatively?
It increases gastric fluid volume
What is the primary effect of anticholinergics when administered preoperatively?
Vagolysis by blocking vagus nerve receptors
Which of the following drugs is classified as an opioid analgesic?
Morphine
What is the role of Meperidine (Demerol) in preoperative medication?
Opioid analgesic
What category of medication does Ranitidine (Zantac) belong to?
Antacid
Which drug is used primarily for preventing nausea and vomiting in preoperative care?
Ondansetron
Which drug belongs to the benzodiazepine family and has the generic name of diazepam?
Valium
What is the trade name for midazolam, a drug from the benzodiazepine family?
Versed
Which drug, part of the benzodiazepine family, is known as lorazepam?
Ativan
What subcategory do opiates belong to?
Analgesics
Which drug is known as Astramorph in its trade name and is a natural opioid?
Morphine
What is Duramorph's trade name, a natural opioid commonly administered preoperatively?
Morphine
What is the classification of Metoclopramide (Reglan)?
Gastrokinetic agent
Which medication is commonly used preoperatively as an antiemetic?
Zofran
What does Atropine, an anticholinergic, primarily decrease?
Mucous secretions
Why are analgesics administered preoperatively to trauma patients?
To relieve pain
Which benzodiazepine is commonly administered preoperatively?
Versed
What is Scopolamine classified as, except?
Analgesic
Which drug belongs to the proton-pump inhibitor category?
Nexium
Which antiemetic medication carries an FDA Black Box warning?
Inapsine
What is the purpose of preoperative administration of sodium citrate (Bicitra)?
To neutralize gastric acid
Which medication is commonly used to minimize the damage caused by aspiration of gastric contents during surgery?
Bicitra
What condition may lead to gastroesophageal reflux?
Relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter
Which agent is an H2 blocker used preoperatively?
Ranitidine
What is the primary action of H2 blockers like ranitidine (Zantac) when given preoperatively?
Inhibit the production of gastric acid
Which condition is not a focus during a preoperative assessment?
Melanoma
What does sodium citrate metabolize into that helps neutralize gastric acid?
Sodium bicarbonate
What is the role of metoclopramide (Reglan) in the gastrointestinal system?
Increase gastrointestinal motility
Study Notes
Anesthesia and Medications
-
Anticholinergics:
- Block parasympathetic nerve impulses
- Examples: atropine, glycopyrrolate
- Inhibit mucous secretions of the respiratory system and digestive tract
-
Analgesics:
- Provide pain relief without loss of consciousness
- Examples: opioids (morphine, meperidine)
-
Sedatives:
- Relieve anxiety
- Examples: benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam)
Preoperative Assessment
- Conducted by anesthesiologist, certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA), or anesthesiologist assistant (AA)
- Purposes:
- Confirm surgical diagnosis
- Assess other medical conditions
- Determine patient's physical status
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Classification
-
Physical Status:
- P1: normal healthy patient
- P2: patient with mild systemic disease
- P3: patient with severe systemic disease
- P4: patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life
-
Gastric Acid Neutralization:
- Sodium citrate with citric acid (Bicitra) neutralizes gastric acid
- H2 blockers (famotidine, ranitidine) reduce gastric acid production
Medications
-
Opioids:
- Morphine (Astramorph, Duramorph) - natural opioid
- Meperidine (Demerol) - synthetic opioid
-
Antiemetics:
- Ondansetron (Zofran) - commonly used preoperatively
- Metoclopramide (Reglan) - gastrokinetic agent, stimulates motility of upper GI tract
-
Anticholinergics:
- Atropine - blocks vagal response to certain stimuli
- Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) - inhibits mucous secretions of respiratory system and digestive tract
Test your knowledge of pharmacology with questions about drugs that block parasympathetic nervous impulses and provide pain relief without loss of consciousness. Identify the correct drug types and their functions in this quiz.
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