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Questions and Answers
What percentage of penicillin G administered intravenously will be eliminated in the urine at one hour?
What percentage of penicillin G administered intravenously will be eliminated in the urine at one hour?
How much of the initial concentration of ascorbic acid remains after two half-lives in an aqueous solution?
How much of the initial concentration of ascorbic acid remains after two half-lives in an aqueous solution?
What is the maximum allowable degradation of cocaine to maintain its shelf-life at 40 °C and pH 7.25?
What is the maximum allowable degradation of cocaine to maintain its shelf-life at 40 °C and pH 7.25?
What percentage of ranitidine would be eliminated from the body after 4 hours considering its elimination half-life of 2 hours?
What percentage of ranitidine would be eliminated from the body after 4 hours considering its elimination half-life of 2 hours?
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If dopamine is administered at a dose of 5 μg/kg/min for a 70 kg patient, what is the total infused volume needed per minute?
If dopamine is administered at a dose of 5 μg/kg/min for a 70 kg patient, what is the total infused volume needed per minute?
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What is the shelf-life of ascorbic acid at shelf temperature if it becomes unacceptable when its initial concentration is reduced by 1/8?
What is the shelf-life of ascorbic acid at shelf temperature if it becomes unacceptable when its initial concentration is reduced by 1/8?
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How long will it take for all of the administered dose of penicillin G to be eliminated?
How long will it take for all of the administered dose of penicillin G to be eliminated?
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After an intravenous bolus dose of a drug with a half-life of 0.5 hours, what is the remaining concentration after 3 hours?
After an intravenous bolus dose of a drug with a half-life of 0.5 hours, what is the remaining concentration after 3 hours?
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How many moles of sodium chloride are present in 10g?
How many moles of sodium chloride are present in 10g?
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To prepare 100ml of 1M NaCl, how many grams of NaCl are needed?
To prepare 100ml of 1M NaCl, how many grams of NaCl are needed?
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How many milliequivalents of Na ion are in 92mg/ml of NaCl salt?
How many milliequivalents of Na ion are in 92mg/ml of NaCl salt?
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What is the concentration in mg/ml of a solution containing 2mEq of KCl per ml?
What is the concentration in mg/ml of a solution containing 2mEq of KCl per ml?
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What is the concentration of a solution in mEq/L that contains 10mg% of Ca+2?
What is the concentration of a solution in mEq/L that contains 10mg% of Ca+2?
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According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, what is the pH when the pKa is 9 and the ratio of non-ionized to ionized species is 10:1?
According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, what is the pH when the pKa is 9 and the ratio of non-ionized to ionized species is 10:1?
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What is the pH of a solution containing 0.01 moles of acetic acid and 0.1 mole of sodium acetate per liter?
What is the pH of a solution containing 0.01 moles of acetic acid and 0.1 mole of sodium acetate per liter?
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What is the dose of paracetamol for a 25kg child if the adult dose is 3000mg daily?
What is the dose of paracetamol for a 25kg child if the adult dose is 3000mg daily?
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What is the acceptable shelf-life of ascorbic acid in aqueous solution if it is unacceptable when its initial concentration is reduced by 1/8, given the half-life is 8 months?
What is the acceptable shelf-life of ascorbic acid in aqueous solution if it is unacceptable when its initial concentration is reduced by 1/8, given the half-life is 8 months?
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Under conditions of 40 °C and pH 7.25, what is the maximum shelf-life for cocaine if no more than 10% degradation is allowed?
Under conditions of 40 °C and pH 7.25, what is the maximum shelf-life for cocaine if no more than 10% degradation is allowed?
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What percentage of ranitidine would be eliminated from the body after 4 hours given its elimination half-life is approximately 2 hours?
What percentage of ranitidine would be eliminated from the body after 4 hours given its elimination half-life is approximately 2 hours?
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What rate (mL/min) should the dopamine solution be infused to achieve a dose of 5 μg/kg/min for a 70 kg patient?
What rate (mL/min) should the dopamine solution be infused to achieve a dose of 5 μg/kg/min for a 70 kg patient?
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How much volume of a solution containing 3 mg in 10 mL is needed to prepare 15 mL of a formulation requiring 0.002 g of phenylmercuric nitrate?
How much volume of a solution containing 3 mg in 10 mL is needed to prepare 15 mL of a formulation requiring 0.002 g of phenylmercuric nitrate?
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What is the concentration representation of a solution described as 0.05 percent?
What is the concentration representation of a solution described as 0.05 percent?
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How much of a 10% injection is required to create 100 mL of a mixture containing 7.5 mg in 2.5 mL?
How much of a 10% injection is required to create 100 mL of a mixture containing 7.5 mg in 2.5 mL?
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Using first order kinetics, if essential degradation is measured, what would be the degradation extent of cocaine in terms of percentage after 10% limit?
Using first order kinetics, if essential degradation is measured, what would be the degradation extent of cocaine in terms of percentage after 10% limit?
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What is the number of moles in 10 grams of a substance with a molecular weight of 58.5 g/mol?
What is the number of moles in 10 grams of a substance with a molecular weight of 58.5 g/mol?
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What is the equivalent weight of sodium (Na) with a molecular weight of 23 and valence of 1?
What is the equivalent weight of sodium (Na) with a molecular weight of 23 and valence of 1?
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If the concentration of calcium in a solution is 10 mg/100 ml, what is its equivalent in mg/L?
If the concentration of calcium in a solution is 10 mg/100 ml, what is its equivalent in mg/L?
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What is the milliequivalent (mEq) of 1.5 grams of a weak base with an equivalent weight of 74.5 mg?
What is the milliequivalent (mEq) of 1.5 grams of a weak base with an equivalent weight of 74.5 mg?
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For a weak acid with a pKa of 4.15 and a concentration of 0.1 M, what is the pH?
For a weak acid with a pKa of 4.15 and a concentration of 0.1 M, what is the pH?
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What is the calculated pH for a weak base if pKw is 14 and pKb is 4.56, with a base concentration of 0.5 M and salt concentration of 0.05 M?
What is the calculated pH for a weak base if pKw is 14 and pKb is 4.56, with a base concentration of 0.5 M and salt concentration of 0.05 M?
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What is the relationship of concentrations represented by x/y if the logarithmic equivalent is given as 1 in the weak acid formula?
What is the relationship of concentrations represented by x/y if the logarithmic equivalent is given as 1 in the weak acid formula?
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What is the equivalent weight of KCl with a valence of 1 and a molecular weight of 74.5 g/mol?
What is the equivalent weight of KCl with a valence of 1 and a molecular weight of 74.5 g/mol?
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What is the amount of drug entering the liver (CA) when 80mg of the drug is administered?
What is the amount of drug entering the liver (CA) when 80mg of the drug is administered?
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What is the formula used to calculate hepatic clearance?
What is the formula used to calculate hepatic clearance?
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In the context of pharmacokinetics, what does ER stand for?
In the context of pharmacokinetics, what does ER stand for?
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If the elimination half-life (t1/2) is 2 hours, how much of a 100mg drug remains after 4 hours?
If the elimination half-life (t1/2) is 2 hours, how much of a 100mg drug remains after 4 hours?
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How is the dose of dopamine calculated for a patient weighing 70kg if the dosage rate is 5 micrograms/kg/min?
How is the dose of dopamine calculated for a patient weighing 70kg if the dosage rate is 5 micrograms/kg/min?
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If the bioavailability (f) of a drug is 40% and the extraction ratio (ER) is 0.6, what is the calculated F?
If the bioavailability (f) of a drug is 40% and the extraction ratio (ER) is 0.6, what is the calculated F?
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How long approximately will it take for a drug with a clearance (k) of 0.08 to reach 90% elimination (t90)?
How long approximately will it take for a drug with a clearance (k) of 0.08 to reach 90% elimination (t90)?
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What will be the volume of solution required to obtain a 0.35mg dose of dopamine from a 200mg in 500ml solution?
What will be the volume of solution required to obtain a 0.35mg dose of dopamine from a 200mg in 500ml solution?
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Study Notes
Pharmacokinetics and Drug Elimination
- Penicillin G has an elimination half-life of approximately 0.5 hours.
- Administered IV every six hours, half the dose will be eliminated within one hour, leading to minimal accumulation (option B).
- Cocaine degrades at a half-life of 5 hours; degradation should not exceed 10%, resulting in a shelf-life of approximately 0.76 hours (option A).
- Ranitidine's half-life is about 2 hours, with 75% eliminated 4 hours after administration (option D).
- The pharmacokinetic parameters for any drug indicate its elimination behavior and necessary administration intervals.
Ascorbic Acid Shelf-Life
- Ascorbic acid decomposes by first-order kinetics with a half-life of 8 months.
- Reduction of initial concentration by 1/8 is deemed unacceptable, leading to an acceptable shelf-life of approximately 1.5 months (option C).
Drug Dosage Calculations
- For dopamine infusion at 5 μg/kg/min for a 70 kg patient, a volume infusion rate of 0.88 mL/min is calculated (option C).
- For preparation of sulfacetamide eye drops, 5.0 mL of phenylmercuric nitrate solution is required to formulate 15 mL of the complete preparation (option D).
- A 10% injection of a drug to make 100 mL having 7.5 mg in 2.5 mL requires 3 mL of the 10% solution (option C).
Molar and Milliequivalent Calculations
- To prepare a 100 mL 1M NaCl solution, 5.85 g of NaCl is needed (option A).
- There are 4 mEq of Na+ in a 92 mg/mL NaCl solution (option D).
- The equivalent weight of KCl is 74.5, leading to a concentration of 149 mg/mL for 2 mEq of KCl (option B).
pH and Buffer Solutions
- Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be utilized: for a weak base at pKa 9 with a 10:1 base to salt ratio, pH equals 10 (option C).
- A solution of 0.01 moles of acetic acid and 0.1 mole of sodium acetate yields a pH of 5.15 (option A).
- For a buffer with pH 5 and pKa 4.00, a salt/acid ratio of 10:1 is required (option A).
Pediatric Dosage Calculations
- For a 25 kg child based on a 3000 mg adult dose, the correct dosage is approximately 1200 mg (option A).
- The dosage of paracetamol for a 2-month-old baby from an adult dose of 3000 mg is estimated to be around 40 mg (option A).
Hepatic Clearance
- Hepatic clearance can be computed as CLH = CLT - CLR, with values indicating the importance of understanding drug metabolism by the liver.
Additional Scientific Concepts
- The ratio of ionized to unionized acetic acid affects the pH significantly; a 100:1 ratio with pKa 5.5 results in a pH of 7.5 (option A).
- The calculation of doses and equivalent weights is essential in pharmacology for accurate medication administration and formulation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the pharmacokinetics of Penicillin G in this concise quiz. Understand its elimination half-life and dosage implications for effective treatment. Perfect for students and professionals in the field of pharmacology.
