Pharmacology Quiz on Colchicine and Glycosides

<p>Higher amounts correlate with increased severity of symptoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential for long-term complications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colchicine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liliaceae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dried and ripe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It belongs to the Liliaceae family. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spasms of neck musculature and painful convulsions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhamnoside glycoside (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-8% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To positively affect heart function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toxicity in high doses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To treat congestive heart failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ouabagenin and rhamnose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By increasing the affinity for sodium pumps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of amphetamine derivatives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To treat hypotension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directly affects sodium pump affinity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a strong CNS stimulant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hallucinations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alterations of consciousness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extremely hazardous substance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 mg/kg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>USA, France, and Germany (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a low LD50 value. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases its toxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When larger quantities of a substance are consumed, the severity of the symptoms increases.

High doses of a substance can lead to very dangerous side effects or even death.

The amount of a substance taken directly affects the risk of negative consequences.

Larger amounts of a substance can lead to severe health problems.

The relationship between dosage and severity is not always linear, meaning a small increase in dosage may lead to a significant increase in severity.

Ingestion of 1 to 3 "nuts" can produce amphetamine derivatives through bioconversion of Myristicin.

A strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.

Intense thirst.

Nausea.

Reddening and swelling of the face.

Colchicum seed is a natural source of colchicine, a powerful alkaloid used in medicine.

Colchicum autumnale is the scientific name for the plant from which colchicum seed is derived.

The dried, ripe seeds of the Colchicum autumnale plant.

Colchicine content refers to the amount of the active alkaloid present in the Colchicum seed.

Colchicum seed is a plant-based source of colchicine, a valuable substance with medicinal applications.

A type of heart medication derived from plants. They can affect the heart's rhythm and strength of contraction.

A specific type of cardioactive glycoside found in the Strophanthus gratus plant.

A plant that contains ouabain, a cardioactive glycoside.

Ouabain is a more stable form of the glycoside compared to those found in other plants.

An example of a glycoside that is more stable than others.

Ouabain is a type of medicine that affects the heart. It's made up of two parts: rhamnose and ouabagenin.

Ouabain can be used to treat different heart conditions. It helps with congestive heart failure, a condition where the heart doesn't pump blood well. In smaller doses, it can also be used for low blood pressure (hypotension) and irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias).

Low potassium levels in the blood (hypokalemia) can affect how ouabain works. It makes the medicine more powerful, meaning it can bind to the heart muscle more easily.

Ouabain helps the heart by affecting the sodium pump. This is a tiny machine in the heart cells that moves sodium in and out. By affecting this pump, ouabain makes the heart beat stronger and more regularly.

Ouabain is a type of medicine called a cardioactive glycoside. This means it comes from plants and affects the heart muscle.

Low potassium (hypokalemia) can influence the effectiveness of ouabain because it directly increases ouabain's binding affinity to sodium pumps in the heart muscle.

Ouabain is no longer approved for use in the United States, France, and Germany due to its significant toxicity. The US has classified it as an extremely hazardous substance due to its potential to cause severe health effects, even at relatively small doses.

Ouabain exerts its effects by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump, an enzyme that is crucial for maintaining the balance of sodium and potassium ions across cell membranes, particularly in heart muscle cells. This disruption can lead to a number of potentially serious health consequences.

The LD50 (lethal dose 50) of Ouabain is 5mg/kg. This means that a dose of 5mg per kilogram of body weight is enough to kill 50% of the individuals exposed to it. This demonstrates its high toxicity, and emphasizes the need for extreme caution when handling this substance.

Ouabain is a highly toxic compound that can cause a wide range of adverse effects, including cardiac arrhythmias, gastrointestinal disturbances, and neurological symptoms. In severe cases, exposure can be fatal.