Pharmacology: Drug Delivery Systems

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of solutions or emulsions can liniments be?

Flammable or non-flammable

Alcoholic or oily (correct)

Liquid or solid

Aqueous or viscous

How are lotions typically applied to the skin?

Injected into the skin

Sprayed onto the skin

Massaged into the skin

Dabbed on the skin or applied on a suitable dressing (correct)

What happens to collodion as the solvent evaporates?

It dries to a celluloid-like film (correct)

It becomes more viscous

It dissolves completely

It forms a liquid film

What is the generic name of collodion?

Pyroxylin solution (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of glycerol in throat paints?

To increase viscosity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of surface sprays produced by pressurized dispensers?

They produce droplets of 100 um diameter or greater (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the uses of pressurized dispensers?

To relieve irritation of bites (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of products can be packaged in pressurized dispensers?

Several different types of pharmaceutical products (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of controlled release of API in drug delivery systems?

Better compliance and safety (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of lozenges?

To medicate the mouth and throat for slow administration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between hard and soft gelatin capsules?

Hard capsules are used for dry ingredients and soft capsules are used for oils (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gum in a lozenge?

To give strength and cohesiveness to the lozenge (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of dental cones?

To prevent local multiplication of pathogenic bacteria after tooth extraction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of sustained release of API in drug delivery systems?

Avoids fluctuations of plasma drug concentration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of pastilles?

They are solid medicated preparations designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the speed at which aerosol particles are swept along by inhaled air?

Size of the aerosol particles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using capsules in drug delivery systems?

To mask the unpleasant taste of its contents (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do doctors prefer to prescribe inhalers over nebulizers?

Inhalers are more portable and have fewer side effects (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a nebulizer commonly used to treat?

Asthma and other respiratory diseases (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ophthalmic ointments and gels?

To apply medication to the conjunctiva or eyelid margin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of eye drops that do not contain medication?

To lubricate and replace tears (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are ear drops used to treat or prevent?

Ear infections, especially of the outer ear and ear canal (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of nasal drops and sprays?

To administer medication locally in the nose (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between vaginal capsules and soft gelatin oral capsules?

Size and shape (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are nebulizers usually reserved for severe cases of respiratory disease?

They carry a higher risk of side effects (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a douche?

To introduce a stream of water into the body cavity for medical or hygienic reasons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Femring, a vaginal ring product?

Relief of hot flashes and vaginal atrophy associated with menopause (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of use for a single IUD, depending on the type?

5 to 10 years (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of administration for an intravenous injection?

Directly into the bloodstream via a vein (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between inert and copper-based IUDs and hormonally-based IUDs?

Mechanism of action (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of NuvaRing, a vaginal ring product?

Contraception (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for fitting and removing an IUD from the uterus?

A doctor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of dosage form consists of spherical masses prepared from one or more medicaments?

Pills (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of powders are multidose preparations consisting of solid, loose, dry particles of varying degrees of fineness?

Bulk Powders (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of granules evolve carbon dioxide when added to water?

Effervescent Granules (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cones in pharmaceutical preparations?

To contain antibiotics or antiseptics (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of preparation is traditionally one of the oldest dosage forms used in the treatment of patients?

Solutions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of powders are single-dose presentations of powder intended to be issued to the patient as such, to be taken in or with water?

Divided Powders (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of powders for mixtures?

To be stored in dry form and mixed by the pharmacist when required (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using solutions as a dosage form?

They afford rapid and high absorption of soluble medicinal products (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drug Delivery Systems

The release of API is under the control of the drug delivery system (temporal control)
Advantages of controlled release: • Avoids fluctuations of plasma drug concentration for better safety and efficacy • Decreased frequency of drug administration (often once daily) for better compliance
Types of controlled release: • Sustained release (SR) – release of the initial API dose and further prolonged release • Controlled release (CR) – properly controlled (Zero order) release of API

Capsules

A capsule is a medication in a gelatin container
Advantage: masks the unpleasant taste of its contents
Types of capsules: • Hard-shelled capsules (for dry, powdered ingredients) • Soft-shelled capsules (for oils and active ingredients dissolved or suspended in oil)

Lozenges

Solid preparation consisting of sugar and gum
Used to medicate the mouth and throat for slow administration of indigestion or cough remedies

Pastilles

Solid medicated preparations designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth
Softer than lozenges, with bases made of glycerol and gelatin, or acacia and sugar

Dental Cones

Tablet form intended to be placed in the empty socket following a tooth extraction
Prevents the local multiplication of pathogenic bacteria associated with tooth extractions

Pills

Oral dosage forms consisting of spherical masses prepared from one or more medicaments incorporated with inert excipients

Granules

Solid, dry aggregates of powder particles often supplied in single-dose sachets
Some granules are placed on the tongue and swallowed with water, others are intended to be dissolved in water before taking

Powders (Oral)

Two kinds of powder intended for internal use: • Bulk Powders: multidose preparations consisting of solid, loose, dry particles of varying degrees of fineness • Divided Powders: single-dose presentations of powder (e.g., a small sachet) intended to be issued to the patient as such, to be taken in or with water

Powders for Mixtures

Mixed powders may be stored in dry form and mixture prepared by the pharmacist when required for dispensing by suspending the powders in the appropriate vehicle

Liquid Preparations

Solutions are traditionally one of the oldest dosage forms used in the treatment of patients
Advantages: rapid and high absorption of soluble medicinal products

Topical Dosage Forms

Lotions: fluid preparations (aqueous) for external application without friction
Collodion: a solution of nitrocellulose in ether or acetone, sometimes with the addition of alcohols
Paints: liquids for application to the skin or mucous membranes
Pressurized dispensers (aerosol sprays): several different types of pharmaceutical product may be packaged in pressurized dispensers

Vaginal Dosage Forms

Vaginal capsules: similar to soft gelatin oral capsules, differing only in size and shape
Vaginal ring: 'doughnut-shaped' polymeric drug delivery devices designed to provide controlled release of drugs to the vagina over extended periods of time
Douche: a device used to introduce a stream of water into the body cavity for medical or hygienic reasons
Intrauterine device (IUD): a birth control device placed in the uterus, also known as a coil

Parenteral Dosage Forms

Injections: infusion methods of putting liquid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and syringe
Types of injections: • Intravenous injection: liquid administered directly into the bloodstream via a vein

Inhaled Dosage Forms

Nebulizer or atomizer: a device used to administer medication to people in forms of a liquid mist to the airways
Aerosol particles: size determines the speed of penetration into the respiratory tract

Ophthalmic Dosage Forms

Eye drops: saline-containing drops used as a vehicle to administer medication in the eye
Ophthalmic ointment and gel: sterile semi-solid preparations intended for application to the conjunctiva or eyelid margin

Otic Dosage Forms

Ear drops: solutions, suspensions, or emulsions of drugs instilled into the ear with a dropper
Used to treat or prevent ear infections, especially infections of the outer ear and ear canal

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz tests your knowledge of drug delivery systems, including temporal control, advantages, and types of release such as sustained release and controlled release.