Pharmacology: Drug Delivery Systems
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Questions and Answers

What type of solutions or emulsions can liniments be?

  • Flammable or non-flammable
  • Alcoholic or oily (correct)
  • Liquid or solid
  • Aqueous or viscous

    • How are lotions typically applied to the skin?

  • Injected into the skin
  • Sprayed onto the skin
  • Massaged into the skin
  • Dabbed on the skin or applied on a suitable dressing (correct)

    • What happens to collodion as the solvent evaporates?

  • It dries to a celluloid-like film (correct)
  • It becomes more viscous
  • It dissolves completely
  • It forms a liquid film

    • What is the generic name of collodion?

    <p>Pyroxylin solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of glycerol in throat paints?

    <p>To increase viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of surface sprays produced by pressurized dispensers?

    <p>They produce droplets of 100 um diameter or greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the uses of pressurized dispensers?

    <p>To relieve irritation of bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of products can be packaged in pressurized dispensers?

    <p>Several different types of pharmaceutical products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of controlled release of API in drug delivery systems?

    <p>Better compliance and safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of lozenges?

    <p>To medicate the mouth and throat for slow administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between hard and soft gelatin capsules?

    <p>Hard capsules are used for dry ingredients and soft capsules are used for oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gum in a lozenge?

    <p>To give strength and cohesiveness to the lozenge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of dental cones?

    <p>To prevent local multiplication of pathogenic bacteria after tooth extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of sustained release of API in drug delivery systems?

    <p>Avoids fluctuations of plasma drug concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of pastilles?

    <p>They are solid medicated preparations designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the speed at which aerosol particles are swept along by inhaled air?

    <p>Size of the aerosol particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using capsules in drug delivery systems?

    <p>To mask the unpleasant taste of its contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do doctors prefer to prescribe inhalers over nebulizers?

    <p>Inhalers are more portable and have fewer side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nebulizer commonly used to treat?

    <p>Asthma and other respiratory diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ophthalmic ointments and gels?

    <p>To apply medication to the conjunctiva or eyelid margin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of eye drops that do not contain medication?

    <p>To lubricate and replace tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ear drops used to treat or prevent?

    <p>Ear infections, especially of the outer ear and ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of nasal drops and sprays?

    <p>To administer medication locally in the nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between vaginal capsules and soft gelatin oral capsules?

    <p>Size and shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are nebulizers usually reserved for severe cases of respiratory disease?

    <p>They carry a higher risk of side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a douche?

    <p>To introduce a stream of water into the body cavity for medical or hygienic reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Femring, a vaginal ring product?

    <p>Relief of hot flashes and vaginal atrophy associated with menopause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of use for a single IUD, depending on the type?

    <p>5 to 10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of administration for an intravenous injection?

    <p>Directly into the bloodstream via a vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between inert and copper-based IUDs and hormonally-based IUDs?

    <p>Mechanism of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of NuvaRing, a vaginal ring product?

    <p>Contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for fitting and removing an IUD from the uterus?

    <p>A doctor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dosage form consists of spherical masses prepared from one or more medicaments?

    <p>Pills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of powders are multidose preparations consisting of solid, loose, dry particles of varying degrees of fineness?

    <p>Bulk Powders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of granules evolve carbon dioxide when added to water?

    <p>Effervescent Granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cones in pharmaceutical preparations?

    <p>To contain antibiotics or antiseptics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of preparation is traditionally one of the oldest dosage forms used in the treatment of patients?

    <p>Solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of powders are single-dose presentations of powder intended to be issued to the patient as such, to be taken in or with water?

    <p>Divided Powders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of powders for mixtures?

    <p>To be stored in dry form and mixed by the pharmacist when required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using solutions as a dosage form?

    <p>They afford rapid and high absorption of soluble medicinal products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Drug Delivery Systems

    • The release of API is under the control of the drug delivery system (temporal control)
    • Advantages of controlled release: • Avoids fluctuations of plasma drug concentration for better safety and efficacy • Decreased frequency of drug administration (often once daily) for better compliance
    • Types of controlled release: • Sustained release (SR) – release of the initial API dose and further prolonged release • Controlled release (CR) – properly controlled (Zero order) release of API

    Capsules

    • A capsule is a medication in a gelatin container
    • Advantage: masks the unpleasant taste of its contents
    • Types of capsules: • Hard-shelled capsules (for dry, powdered ingredients) • Soft-shelled capsules (for oils and active ingredients dissolved or suspended in oil)

    Lozenges

    • Solid preparation consisting of sugar and gum
    • Used to medicate the mouth and throat for slow administration of indigestion or cough remedies

    Pastilles

    • Solid medicated preparations designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth
    • Softer than lozenges, with bases made of glycerol and gelatin, or acacia and sugar

    Dental Cones

    • Tablet form intended to be placed in the empty socket following a tooth extraction
    • Prevents the local multiplication of pathogenic bacteria associated with tooth extractions

    Pills

    • Oral dosage forms consisting of spherical masses prepared from one or more medicaments incorporated with inert excipients

    Granules

    • Solid, dry aggregates of powder particles often supplied in single-dose sachets
    • Some granules are placed on the tongue and swallowed with water, others are intended to be dissolved in water before taking

    Powders (Oral)

    • Two kinds of powder intended for internal use: • Bulk Powders: multidose preparations consisting of solid, loose, dry particles of varying degrees of fineness • Divided Powders: single-dose presentations of powder (e.g., a small sachet) intended to be issued to the patient as such, to be taken in or with water

    Powders for Mixtures

    • Mixed powders may be stored in dry form and mixture prepared by the pharmacist when required for dispensing by suspending the powders in the appropriate vehicle

    Liquid Preparations

    • Solutions are traditionally one of the oldest dosage forms used in the treatment of patients
    • Advantages: rapid and high absorption of soluble medicinal products

    Topical Dosage Forms

    • Lotions: fluid preparations (aqueous) for external application without friction
    • Collodion: a solution of nitrocellulose in ether or acetone, sometimes with the addition of alcohols
    • Paints: liquids for application to the skin or mucous membranes
    • Pressurized dispensers (aerosol sprays): several different types of pharmaceutical product may be packaged in pressurized dispensers

    Vaginal Dosage Forms

    • Vaginal capsules: similar to soft gelatin oral capsules, differing only in size and shape
    • Vaginal ring: 'doughnut-shaped' polymeric drug delivery devices designed to provide controlled release of drugs to the vagina over extended periods of time
    • Douche: a device used to introduce a stream of water into the body cavity for medical or hygienic reasons
    • Intrauterine device (IUD): a birth control device placed in the uterus, also known as a coil

    Parenteral Dosage Forms

    • Injections: infusion methods of putting liquid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and syringe
    • Types of injections: • Intravenous injection: liquid administered directly into the bloodstream via a vein

    Inhaled Dosage Forms

    • Nebulizer or atomizer: a device used to administer medication to people in forms of a liquid mist to the airways
    • Aerosol particles: size determines the speed of penetration into the respiratory tract

    Ophthalmic Dosage Forms

    • Eye drops: saline-containing drops used as a vehicle to administer medication in the eye
    • Ophthalmic ointment and gel: sterile semi-solid preparations intended for application to the conjunctiva or eyelid margin

    Otic Dosage Forms

    • Ear drops: solutions, suspensions, or emulsions of drugs instilled into the ear with a dropper
    • Used to treat or prevent ear infections, especially infections of the outer ear and ear canal

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    Description

    This quiz tests your knowledge of drug delivery systems, including temporal control, advantages, and types of release such as sustained release and controlled release.

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