Pharmacology of analgesic drugs
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme is targeted by NSAIDs?

  • Cyclo-oxygenase (correct)
  • Platelets
  • Prostaglandins
  • Nociceptors

Which of the following is a common small animal NSAID?

  • Flunixin meglumine
  • Meloxicam (correct)
  • Ketoprofen
  • Phenylbutazone

Which organ is protected by prostaglandins?

  • Stomach (correct)
  • Liver
  • Kidneys
  • Heart

Which pathways are targeted by NSAIDs?

<p>Descending pain pathways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which NSAID should not be given if the animal is part of the food chain?

<p>Phenylbutazone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common equine NSAID?

<p>Flunixin meglumine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which species should NSAIDs be used for castration, disbudding, assisting calving, and foot care?

<p>Cattle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which patients are NSAIDs contraindicated?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which side effects should be monitored in animals receiving NSAIDs for any period of time?

<p>Gastrointestinal problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme stimulates the production of prostaglandins?

<p>Cyclo-oxygenase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs directly acts upon the EP4 receptor to prevent prostaglandin effects?

<p>Grapiprant/galliprant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can be used intravenously in dogs and horses, but should never be used in cats?

<p>Paracetamol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor does morphine primarily act on?

<p>Mu (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of local anaesthetics are hydrolysed by plasma cholinesterases?

<p>Esters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration can be used for ketamine?

<p>Intramuscular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class can produce a state of sedation or euphoria?

<p>Opioids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor do alpha 2 agonists interact with to produce their effects?

<p>Alpha-2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of Grapiprant/galliprant?

<p>Targets canine osteoarthritis pain and inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of Lidocaine spray in veterinary medicine?

<p>Intubation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of Emmla cream in veterinary medicine?

<p>Skin numbing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is activated after the body is damaged and stimulates the production of prostaglandins?

<p>Cox enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs are caused by prostaglandins?

<p>Inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor do opioids act on to produce their effects?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of local anaesthetics?

<p>They exist in equilibrium between ionized and unionized forms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is protected by prostaglandins?

<p>Stomach and intestines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs directly acts upon the EP4 receptor to prevent prostaglandin effects?

<p>Galliprant/gapiprant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common small animal NSAID?

<p>Meloxicam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a use of Emmla cream in veterinary medicine?

<p>Skin numbing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common equine NSAID?

<p>Phenylbutazone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration can be used for ketamine?

<p>Both intravenous and intramuscular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a use of Grapiprant/galliprant in veterinary medicine?

<p>Pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which side effects should be monitored in animals receiving NSAIDs for any period of time?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme targets the production of prostaglandins?

<p>Cyclooxygenase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of local anaesthetics arre hydrolysed by the liver?

<p>Amides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which patients are NSAIDs contraindicated?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can be used intravenously in dogs and horses, but should never be used in cats?

<p>Paracetamol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is targeted by NSAIDs?

<p>Cyclo-oxygenase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is protected by prostaglandins?

<p>Stomach and intestines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class can produce a state of sedation or euphoria?

<p>Opioids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which species should NSAIDs be used for castration, disbudding, assisting carving, and foot care?

<p>Cattle and small ruminants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which side effects should be monitored in animals receiving NSAIDs for any period of time?

<p>Renal, hepatic, and clotting problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor does Galliprant directly act upon to prevent prostaglandin effects?

<p>EP4 receptor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of opioids?

<p>They can produce a state of sedation or euphoria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a use of local anaesthetics in veterinary medicine?

<p>Analgesia for the whole area of a limb (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is targeted by NSAIDs?

<p>Cyclo-oxygenase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a use of ketamine in veterinary medicine?

<p>Induction agent for anesthesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor do alpha 2 agonists interact with to produce their effects?

<p>Alpha-2 receptor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of alpha 2 agonists?

<p>Analgesia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the antagonist for alpha 2 agonists?

<p>Atipamezole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of ketamine in veterinary medicine?

<p>Induction agent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does ketamine produce its analgesic effect?

<p>By acting on the NMDA receptor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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