Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following are non-selective COX inhibitors? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are non-selective COX inhibitors? (Select all that apply)
Which of these drugs are classified as COX-2 selective inhibitors (coxib)?
Which of these drugs are classified as COX-2 selective inhibitors (coxib)?
Which of the following NSAIDs can be given to dogs? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following NSAIDs can be given to dogs? (Select all that apply)
Which NSAID is approved for use in horses?
Which NSAID is approved for use in horses?
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What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Aspirin?
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Aspirin?
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What are the adverse effects of Aspirin?
What are the adverse effects of Aspirin?
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What is a major concern when using Aspirin in cats?
What is a major concern when using Aspirin in cats?
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What is the pharmacological activity of Phenylbutazone?
What is the pharmacological activity of Phenylbutazone?
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Flunixin meglumine is a selective COX-1 inhibitor.
Flunixin meglumine is a selective COX-1 inhibitor.
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The MOA of Deracoxib is reversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase with selective inhibition of ______.
The MOA of Deracoxib is reversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase with selective inhibition of ______.
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What is the formulation of Meloxicam?
What is the formulation of Meloxicam?
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What potential side effect should be monitored in dogs treated with Etodolac?
What potential side effect should be monitored in dogs treated with Etodolac?
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What are the primary formulations of Flunixin meglumine?
What are the primary formulations of Flunixin meglumine?
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What is the pharmacological activity of Acetaminophen?
What is the pharmacological activity of Acetaminophen?
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Study Notes
NSAIDs Classes Overview
- Non-selective COX inhibitors include Aspirin, Carprofen, Ketoprofen, Flunixin meglumine, Etodolac, Phenylbutazone, and Meloxicam.
- COX-2 selective inhibitors (coxib) consist of Deracoxib, Fibrocoxib, and Robenacoxib.
NSAIDs by Species
- Dogs: Common NSAIDs include Aspirin (PO), Carprofen (SQ, PO), Deracoxib (PO), Etodolac (PO), Firocoxib (PO), Meloxicam (PO, SQ), and Tepoxalin (PO).
- Cats: Meloxicam (SQ), Aspirin (PO), and Robenacoxib (PO) are used.
- Horses: Phenylbutazone (IV, PO), Flunixin (IV, IM, PO), Carprofen (IV, PO), and Firocoxib (PO) are indicated.
- Cattle: Flunixin (IV, IM) is utilized.
Aspirin
- Class: Salicylic acid; Mechanism: Irreversible inhibition of platelet COX-1 at low doses.
- Clinical Use: Analgesic in OA (dogs, cats), prevention/treatment of thromboembolism.
- Adverse Effects: GI irritation, ulceration, bleeding, leading to anemia.
Antiplatelet Activity
- Inhibits COX-1 irreversibly, affecting the lifespan of platelets.
- Result: Reduced TXA2 leading to decreased platelet adhesion while PGI2 remains active.
Species-Specific Concerns for Aspirin
- Dogs and cats exhibit a longer half-life; cats have a glucuronidation issue.
- Cats are sensitive to toxicity; dogs show common GI irritation.
- Horses have a shorter half-life and aspirin is ineffective for colic.
Phenylbutazone (Bute)
- Class: Pyrazolone NSAID; Mechanism: Non-selective COX inhibitor.
- Use in Horses: Most common NSAID for conditions like laminitis and OA.
- Toxicity: Ulceration of the large colon, renal issues in horses.
Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine)
- Class: Nicotinic Acid Derivative; Mechanism: Non-selective COX inhibitor.
- Use: Treats visceral pain in horses from colic, controls pyrexia in cattle.
- Formulation: Oral paste and injectable (not IV).
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
- Mechanism: Interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism, primarily acts in the brain.
- Effects: Analgesic and antipyretic, but has weak anti-inflammatory properties.
- Risk: Toxic to cats; hepatotoxicity and potential methemoglobinemia in canines.
Carprofen (Rimadyl)
- Class: Propionic acid NSAID; Mechanism: Preferential COX-2 inhibition.
- Use: Safest NSAID for dogs, indicated for OA and post-operative pain.
- Adverse Effects: Lesser GI/kidney toxicity compared to non-selective NSAIDs.
Meloxicam (Metacam)
- Class: Oxicam NSAID; Mechanism: Preferential COX-2 inhibitor in dogs.
- Uses: Effective for acute and chronic OA, post-surgical pain in dogs and cats.
- Safety: Single SQ dose is acceptable for cats; avoid multiple doses due to toxicity.
Etodolac (EtoGesic)
- Class: Indole acetic acid derivative; Mechanism: COX-1 sparing with preferential COX-2 inhibition.
- Use: Approved for OA in dogs; mainly minor GI irritation as toxicity.
Deracoxib (Deramaxx)
- Class: Coxib; Mechanism: Selective COX-2 inhibition.
- Uses: Primarily for OA and post-operative pain in dogs.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used in veterinary medicine with this flashcard quiz. Covers various classes, including non-selective COX inhibitors and COX-2 selective inhibitors. Perfect for students and professionals working with pets.
