NSAIDs and Antigout Drugs Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are antigout drugs?

Colchicine (correct)

Allopurinol (correct)

Ibuprofen

Febuxostat (correct)

What is COX 1 involved in?

Housekeeping activities including gastric mucosal protection, platelet aggregation, and maintenance of renal function.

What is COX 2 known for?

Causing pain and inflammation.

What accurately describes inflammation?

Arachidonic acid is released upon injury to yield inflammation once activated. Signup and view all the answers

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Edema, erythema, heat, pain. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following NSAIDs to their chemical classes:

Aspirin = Salicylate Diclofenac Sodium = Acetic and Derivative Piroxicam = Enolic Acid Derivative Naproxen = Propionic Acid Derivative Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the body of patients with gout when crystals deposit?

Symptoms of inflammation may result. Signup and view all the answers

What causes gout?

Overproduction of uric acid, decreased uric acid excretion, or both. Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperuricemia?

Too much uric acid in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Which NSAID is an irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor?

Aspirin. Signup and view all the answers

What conditions may be treated with ibuprofen?

Closure of patent ductus arteriosus, dysmenorrhea, fever, inflammation, pain. Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of action of ibuprofen?

4-6 hours. Signup and view all the answers

What is the pharmacokinetics of probenecid?

Probenecid undergoes glucuronide conjugation and oxidation. Signup and view all the answers

Which antigout therapies inhibit xanthine oxidase?

Allopurinol and Febuxostat. Signup and view all the answers

How is lesinurad excreted?

In both urine and feces. Signup and view all the answers

Which patient cannot safely receive therapy with naproxen?

A 59-year-old patient receiving dialysis three times weekly. Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern with the initiation of meloxicam in a patient taking lisinopril?

Reduced antihypertensive effects, increasing the patient's blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory results should a nurse assess before initiating ibuprofen for an extended period?

Renal Function Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern for a patient receiving ibuprofen with alendronate?

Increased risk for gastrointestinal bleeding. Signup and view all the answers

Which antigout drugs are associated with an increased risk for stroke and myocardial infarction?

Febuxostat Signup and view all the answers

Why would a nurse call the health care provider before administering lesinurad?

Lesinurad must be administered with allopurinol or febuxostat. Signup and view all the answers

Which parameters should be assessed before administering allopurinol?

Kidney Function Signup and view all the answers

Which patients cannot safely receive therapy with probenecid?

55-year-old patient on dialysis Signup and view all the answers

Which antigout drug may have contributed to a patient's fever, rash, eosinophilia, kidney failure, and pancytopenia?

Allopurinol. Signup and view all the answers

What are the expected results when arachidonic acid is metabolized through the prostaglandin pathway?

Pain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antigout Drugs

Includes Allopurinol, Febuxostat, Colchicine, Probenecid, and Lesinurad.

COX Enzymes

COX 1: Protects gastric mucosa, aids platelet aggregation, and maintains renal function.
COX 2: Associated with pain and inflammation, generally has fewer side effects compared to COX 1.

Inflammation

Arachidonic acid is released after tissue injury, leading to inflammation.

Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

Edema, erythema, heat, and pain are primary manifestations.

NSAID Classifications

Aspirin: Salicylate
Diclofenac Sodium: Acetic acid derivative
Piroxicam: Enolic acid derivative
Naproxen: Propionic acid derivative

Gout Pathophysiology

Crystal deposition may cause inflammatory symptoms.
Gout can arise from excessive uric acid production, reduced excretion, or both.
Hyperuricemia signifies elevated uric acid levels in blood, potentially leading to crystal formation.
Uric acid originates from purine metabolism: purines → hypoxanthine → xanthine → uric acid.

NSAID Characteristics

Aspirin: Irreversible COX inhibitor.
Ibuprofen: Treats conditions such as patent ductus arteriosus, dysmenorrhea, fever, inflammation, and pain. Duration of action is 4-6 hours.

Pharmacokinetics

Probenecid undergoes glucuronide conjugation and oxidation.
Lesinurad is excreted via urine and feces.

Gout Therapies

Allopurinol and Febuxostat act by inhibiting xanthine oxidase.

Medication Interactions and Concerns

Naproxen cannot be safely administered to patients undergoing dialysis.
Concurrent use of lisinopril and meloxicam may diminish antihypertensive effects, raising blood pressure.
Monitor platelet count, renal function, liver function tests, and hemoglobin/hematocrit before starting ibuprofen.
Increased gastrointestinal bleeding risk when ibuprofen is given with alendronate.

Stroke and Myocardial Infarction Risk

Febuxostat and Lesinurad are linked to a heightened risk of stroke and myocardial infarction.

Administration Guidelines

Lesinurad should be combined with Allopurinol or Febuxostat; otherwise, consulting a healthcare provider is necessary.
Assess uric acid levels, kidney function, complete blood count, and medication list before beginning Allopurinol.
Probenecid is contraindicated in patients on dialysis or requiring liver transplants.

Adverse Effects of Antigout Medications

Allopurinol use may lead to fever, rash, eosinophilia, kidney failure, and pancytopenia.

Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

Metabolism through the prostaglandin pathway results in edema, pain, and increased vasopermeability.

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Description

Explore essential terms and concepts related to NSAIDs and antigout drugs through these informative flashcards. Learn about the roles of different COX enzymes and specific medications like Allopurinol and Colchicine. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals looking to enhance their pharmacology knowledge.