69 Questions
Which of the following is a commonly used NSAID for equine animals?
Phenylbutazone
What is the main action of NSAIDs?
Inhibit cyclo-oxygenase
What is the consequence of reducing prostaglandin production?
Analgesic effect
Which enzyme is upregulated during injury in multiple tissues?
Cyclo-oxygenase
What is the main effect of decreasing prostacyclin production?
Increased vasodilation
What is the role of lipoxygenase in the arachidonic acid pathway?
Convert arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
Which class of NSAIDs is highly COX2 selective?
Coxib
Which class of NSAIDs is effective for mild-to-moderate pain and has an irreversible interaction with Cox?
Salicylates
Which class of NSAIDs is not recommended for use in cats and has a low therapeutic index?
Phenylbutazone
Which class of NSAIDs is preferentially COX2 binding and used for post-operative pain and inflammation?
Carprofen
Which class of NSAIDs is used for the alleviation of inflammation and pain associated with musculoskeletal, respiratory, and gastrointestinal disorders?
Flunixin
Which class of NSAIDs is not metabolized by the liver and is principally excreted by bile duct?
Mavacoxib
What is a common contraindication for NSAIDs?
Concurrent administration of potentially nephrotoxic drugs
Which of the following is a potential mechanism of action for relieving headaches with NSAIDs?
Decreased prostaglandin mediated vasodilation
What happens to aspirin and paracetamol when they bind to Cox one and Cox two?
They are no longer classified as nonsteroidal
Why do newer NSAIDs have larger side chains?
To bind to the side pocket of Cox two
What is the general property of NSAIDs in terms of absorption after administration?
They are well absorbed within 2 to 3 hours
Which of the following NSAIDs have impaired absorption in the presence of food?
Phenylbutazone, Flunixin, and Robenacoxib
What is the potential effect of high plasma protein binding in phenylbutazone?
Limited effect on free drug concentrations
Why do nonsteroidals tend to concentrate in inflammatory areas?
Due to extravasation of proteins
Which adverse effect can occur with many NSAIDs, including Coxib, and may be related to Cox two inhibition in the kidney and elsewhere leading to hypertension?
Adverse cardiovascular effects
What is the main cause of reversible renal insufficiency in patients with compromised renal function?
Inhibition of PGI2/PGE2 mediated vasodilation
Which group of individuals is bronchospasm commonly seen in?
Aspirin-sensitive asthmatics
Which receptor does Grapiprant selectively antagonize?
EP4 receptor
How long does it take for Grapiprant to be rapidly absorbed after oral treatment?
One hour
How is Grapiprant primarily excreted from the body?
Via faeces
In which group of dogs should caution be exercised when using Grapiprant?
Dogs suffering from pre-existing liver disease
What is the new class of piprant NSAID that includes Grapiprant or Galliprant?
Piprant NSAID
Which effect of Grapiprant is decreased by food?
Rapid absorption
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes?
Lipoxygenase
Which of the following is NOT a commonly used NSAID for small animals?
Grapiprant
What is the main effect of reducing prostacyclin production?
Vasodilation
Which class of animals commonly uses phenylbutazone as an NSAID?
Equine
What is the primary excretion route for meloxicam in equine animals?
Kidney
Which class of animals commonly uses ketoprofen as an NSAID?
Farm animals
Which inflammatory mediator is bradykinin associated with?
Prostaglandins
Which of the following is NOT a general property of NSAIDs in terms of absorption after administration?
They have formulations for intramuscular administration
Which of the following NSAIDs has the highest plasma protein binding?
Phenylbutazone
Which of the following is a true statement about the biotransformation of NSAIDs in the liver?
Some NSAIDs are excreted by the kidney
Which of the following is NOT a potential effect of high plasma protein binding in phenylbutazone?
Decreased action in inflammatory areas
Which of the following is a potential mechanism of action for relieving headaches with NSAIDs?
Decreased vasodilation in cranial regions
Which class of NSAIDs is NOT recommended for use in cats and has a low therapeutic index?
Phenylbutazone
Which enzyme is upregulated during injury in multiple tissues?
Cox-2
Which class of NSAIDs has the highest selectivity for COX2 over COX1?
Coxib
Which class of NSAIDs is not recommended for use in cats and has a low therapeutic index?
Phenylbutazone
Which class of NSAIDs is preferentially COX2 binding and used for post-operative pain and inflammation?
Carprofen
Which class of NSAIDs is effective for mild-to-moderate pain and has an irreversible interaction with Cox?
Salicylates
Which class of NSAIDs is used for alleviation of acute pain and chronic pain from osteoarthritis?
Ketoprofen
Which class of NSAIDs is highly COX2 selective and used for pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis?
Coxib
Which class of NSAIDs is excreted by bile duct and has a very long half-life, allowing for once a month administration?
Coxib
Which adverse effect can occur with many NSAIDs, including Coxib, and may be related to Cox two inhibition in the kidney and elsewhere leading to hypertension?
Adverse cardiovascular effects
What is the main cause of reversible renal insufficiency in patients with compromised renal function?
Inhibition of PGI2/PGE2 mediated vasodilation
In which group of dogs should caution be exercised when using Grapiprant?
Dogs with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease
Which class of NSAIDs is not recommended for use in cats and has a low therapeutic index?
Phenylbutazone
Which group of individuals is bronchospasm commonly seen in?
Aspirin-sensitive asthmatics
What is the main action of NSAIDs?
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes
How is Grapiprant primarily excreted from the body?
Via bile duct
Which class of NSAIDs is highly COX-2 selective and used for post-operative pain and inflammation?
Coxib
What is the potential effect of high plasma protein binding in phenylbutazone?
Decreased bioavailability
What are some adverse cardiovascular effects that can occur with NSAIDs?
Hypertension
Which receptor does Grapiprant selectively antagonize?
EP4 receptor
How is Grapiprant primarily excreted from the body?
Via feces
In which group of individuals is bronchospasm commonly seen?
Aspirin-sensitive asthmatics
What should be taken into consideration when administering Grapiprant to dogs?
Pre-existing liver, cardiovascular, renal, or GI disease
What is the main action of Grapiprant?
Selective antagonist of the EP4 receptor
What is the potential side effect of inhibiting compensatory PGI2/PGE2 mediated vasodilation?
Reversible renal insufficiency
What is the new class of piprant NSAID that Grapiprant belongs to?
Piprant NSAID
What is the primary route of excretion for Grapiprant?
Renal excretion
What should be cautioned when administering Grapiprant to dogs?
Pre-existing liver, cardiovascular, renal, or GI disease
Test your knowledge on different classes of NSAIDs and their properties, including salicylates, with a focus on their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic capabilities. Learn about Mavacoxib, a unique NSAID that is not metabolized by the liver and has a long half-life, allowing for once a month administration.
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