NSAIDs and Their Properties
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Which of the following is a commonly used NSAID for equine animals?

  • Meloxicam
  • Flunixin
  • Meglumine
  • Phenylbutazone (correct)

    • What is the main action of NSAIDs?

  • Promote inflammation
  • Reduce vasodilation
  • Increase prostaglandin production
  • Inhibit cyclo-oxygenase (correct)

    • What is the consequence of reducing prostaglandin production?

  • Sensitization of nerve endings
  • Increased inflammation
  • Vasodilation
  • Analgesic effect (correct)

    • Which enzyme is upregulated during injury in multiple tissues?

    <p>Cyclo-oxygenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of decreasing prostacyclin production?

    <p>Increased vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lipoxygenase in the arachidonic acid pathway?

    <p>Convert arachidonic acid to leukotrienes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is highly COX2 selective?

    <p>Coxib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is effective for mild-to-moderate pain and has an irreversible interaction with Cox?

    <p>Salicylates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is not recommended for use in cats and has a low therapeutic index?

    <p>Phenylbutazone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is preferentially COX2 binding and used for post-operative pain and inflammation?

    <p>Carprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is used for the alleviation of inflammation and pain associated with musculoskeletal, respiratory, and gastrointestinal disorders?

    <p>Flunixin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is not metabolized by the liver and is principally excreted by bile duct?

    <p>Mavacoxib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common contraindication for NSAIDs?

    <p>Concurrent administration of potentially nephrotoxic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential mechanism of action for relieving headaches with NSAIDs?

    <p>Decreased prostaglandin mediated vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to aspirin and paracetamol when they bind to Cox one and Cox two?

    <p>They are no longer classified as nonsteroidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do newer NSAIDs have larger side chains?

    <p>To bind to the side pocket of Cox two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general property of NSAIDs in terms of absorption after administration?

    <p>They are well absorbed within 2 to 3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following NSAIDs have impaired absorption in the presence of food?

    <p>Phenylbutazone, Flunixin, and Robenacoxib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential effect of high plasma protein binding in phenylbutazone?

    <p>Limited effect on free drug concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do nonsteroidals tend to concentrate in inflammatory areas?

    <p>Due to extravasation of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect can occur with many NSAIDs, including Coxib, and may be related to Cox two inhibition in the kidney and elsewhere leading to hypertension?

    <p>Adverse cardiovascular effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of reversible renal insufficiency in patients with compromised renal function?

    <p>Inhibition of PGI2/PGE2 mediated vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals is bronchospasm commonly seen in?

    <p>Aspirin-sensitive asthmatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor does Grapiprant selectively antagonize?

    <p>EP4 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for Grapiprant to be rapidly absorbed after oral treatment?

    <p>One hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Grapiprant primarily excreted from the body?

    <p>Via faeces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which group of dogs should caution be exercised when using Grapiprant?

    <p>Dogs suffering from pre-existing liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the new class of piprant NSAID that includes Grapiprant or Galliprant?

    <p>Piprant NSAID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect of Grapiprant is decreased by food?

    <p>Rapid absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes?

    <p>Lipoxygenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a commonly used NSAID for small animals?

    <p>Grapiprant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of reducing prostacyclin production?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of animals commonly uses phenylbutazone as an NSAID?

    <p>Equine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary excretion route for meloxicam in equine animals?

    <p>Kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of animals commonly uses ketoprofen as an NSAID?

    <p>Farm animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inflammatory mediator is bradykinin associated with?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a general property of NSAIDs in terms of absorption after administration?

    <p>They have formulations for intramuscular administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following NSAIDs has the highest plasma protein binding?

    <p>Phenylbutazone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a true statement about the biotransformation of NSAIDs in the liver?

    <p>Some NSAIDs are excreted by the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential effect of high plasma protein binding in phenylbutazone?

    <p>Decreased action in inflammatory areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential mechanism of action for relieving headaches with NSAIDs?

    <p>Decreased vasodilation in cranial regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is NOT recommended for use in cats and has a low therapeutic index?

    <p>Phenylbutazone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is upregulated during injury in multiple tissues?

    <p>Cox-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs has the highest selectivity for COX2 over COX1?

    <p>Coxib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is not recommended for use in cats and has a low therapeutic index?

    <p>Phenylbutazone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is preferentially COX2 binding and used for post-operative pain and inflammation?

    <p>Carprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is effective for mild-to-moderate pain and has an irreversible interaction with Cox?

    <p>Salicylates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is used for alleviation of acute pain and chronic pain from osteoarthritis?

    <p>Ketoprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is highly COX2 selective and used for pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis?

    <p>Coxib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is excreted by bile duct and has a very long half-life, allowing for once a month administration?

    <p>Coxib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect can occur with many NSAIDs, including Coxib, and may be related to Cox two inhibition in the kidney and elsewhere leading to hypertension?

    <p>Adverse cardiovascular effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of reversible renal insufficiency in patients with compromised renal function?

    <p>Inhibition of PGI2/PGE2 mediated vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which group of dogs should caution be exercised when using Grapiprant?

    <p>Dogs with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is not recommended for use in cats and has a low therapeutic index?

    <p>Phenylbutazone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals is bronchospasm commonly seen in?

    <p>Aspirin-sensitive asthmatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of NSAIDs?

    <p>Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Grapiprant primarily excreted from the body?

    <p>Via bile duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of NSAIDs is highly COX-2 selective and used for post-operative pain and inflammation?

    <p>Coxib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential effect of high plasma protein binding in phenylbutazone?

    <p>Decreased bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some adverse cardiovascular effects that can occur with NSAIDs?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor does Grapiprant selectively antagonize?

    <p>EP4 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Grapiprant primarily excreted from the body?

    <p>Via feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which group of individuals is bronchospasm commonly seen?

    <p>Aspirin-sensitive asthmatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be taken into consideration when administering Grapiprant to dogs?

    <p>Pre-existing liver, cardiovascular, renal, or GI disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of Grapiprant?

    <p>Selective antagonist of the EP4 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential side effect of inhibiting compensatory PGI2/PGE2 mediated vasodilation?

    <p>Reversible renal insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the new class of piprant NSAID that Grapiprant belongs to?

    <p>Piprant NSAID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for Grapiprant?

    <p>Renal excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be cautioned when administering Grapiprant to dogs?

    <p>Pre-existing liver, cardiovascular, renal, or GI disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

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