Pharmacology of Gastrointestinal Drugs
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary pharmacological effect of dexpanthenol?

  • Increases GI motility by inhibiting parasympathetic action
  • Increases acetylcholine levels to stimulate parasympathetic activity (correct)
  • Decreases the sensitivity of GI tissues to parasympathetic activity
  • Promotes GI obstruction by slowing down peristalsis
  • Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with gastrointestinal stimulants?

  • Nausea (correct)
  • Drowsiness
  • Constipation
  • Heart palpitations
  • What is a contraindication for the use of gastrointestinal stimulants?

  • History of allergy to these drugs (correct)
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Chronic pain conditions
  • How does the pharmacokinetic profile of metoclopramide differ from that of dexpanthenol?

    <p>Metoclopramide has a peak effect within 60-90 minutes, whereas dexpanthenol peaks in 4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding metoclopramide is true?

    <p>It can lead to decreased absorption of digoxin from the gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for loperamide in treating diarrhea?

    <p>Slowing activity through direct action on GIT muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antidiarrheals is classified as a category C-III controlled substance?

    <p>Opium derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is specifically associated with the use of opium derivatives as antidiarrheals?

    <p>Toxic megacolon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antidiarrheal is minimally absorbed and primarily acts locally in the GIT?

    <p>Crofelemer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenarios should caution be taken when administering antidiarrheals?

    <p>In cases of GI obstruction and hepatic impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antacids in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Neutralize stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a commonly prescribed H2 receptor antagonist?

    <p>Omeprazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do H2 receptor antagonists have on gastric acid secretion?

    <p>They block gastric acid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse reaction associated with H2 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) inhibit gastric acid production?

    <p>By disrupting chemical binding in stomach cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are proton pump inhibitors primarily indicated?

    <p>Short-term treatment of active gastric and duodenal ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary action of Misoprostol in the treatment of gastric ulcers?

    <p>Inhibits gastric acid secretion and increases mucous production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can decrease the absorption of H2 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Antacids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about antacids is correct?

    <p>They can interfere with the absorption of oral medications when taken concurrently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect associated with proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of H2 receptor antagonists in treating Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

    <p>Reduce gastric acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sucralfate primarily works by forming a protective barrier in which part of the body?

    <p>Stomach lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is Misoprostol specifically contraindicated in?

    <p>Allergy to any part of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might occur if cimetidine is taken alongside anticoagulants?

    <p>Increased blood levels of anticoagulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key contraindication for the use of Sucralfate?

    <p>Renal failure or dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effects are primarily associated with Misoprostol?

    <p>Nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which interaction occurs with proton pump inhibitors affecting drug metabolism?

    <p>Increased half-lives of diazepam and warfarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored when combining aluminum salts with Sucralfate?

    <p>High aluminum levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following patients should avoid using a proton pump inhibitor?

    <p>A patient with a known allergy to the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Sucralfate have on pepsin activity in gastric juices?

    <p>Inhibits pepsin activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of chemical stimulants in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Directly stimulate nerve plexus causing increased movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical stimulant is specifically noted for causing a thorough evacuation of the intestine?

    <p>Castor oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with the use of laxatives?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following laxatives is classified as a bulk stimulant?

    <p>Polyethylene glycol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should docusate be used with caution?

    <p>In patients with heart block and CAD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinct characteristic of bulk stimulants?

    <p>They cause fecal matter to increase in bulk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laxative works by pulling fluid out of the systemic circulation into the intestinal lumen?

    <p>Lactulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does excessive use of mineral oil have concerning dietary components?

    <p>Interferes with fat-soluble vitamin absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general onset time for castor oil's action?

    <p>2-6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caution should be considered when using polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution?

    <p>Use with extreme caution in patients with a history of seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laxative primarily acts as a hyperosmolar agent to facilitate evacuation?

    <p>Glycerin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bisacodyl's mechanism of action can best be described as:

    <p>Stimulating activity in the lower gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common GI adverse effect of laxatives?

    <p>Heartburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

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