Pharmacology of Gastrointestinal Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is the half-life of cisapride?

  • 10 hours (correct)
  • 20 hours
  • 5 hours
  • 15 hours

    • Why was cisapride pulled from the U.S. market?

  • Seizure activity
  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhea
  • Cardiac arrhythmias (correct)

    • What is a common side effect of cisapride?

  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhea (correct)
  • Vomiting
  • Nausea

    • What is a promotility effect of erythromycin?

    <p>Accelerating gastric emptying (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of using erythromycin for long periods?

    <p>Tachyphylaxis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tegaserod being developed to treat?

    <p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of diarrhea?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the first step in treating diarrhea?

    <p>Reviewing the patient's medication list (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential concern when using bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) chronically?

    <p>Salicylate toxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of hydrophilic substances such as calcium polycarbophil?

    <p>They bind water and bile salts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a definition of constipation?

    <p>Infrequent passage of stool (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential danger of excessive purging?

    <p>Salt and fluid loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high dose Pepto-Bismol (8 tablets/day) in some patients?

    <p>Efficacy in diarrhea secondary to collagenous or lymphocytic colitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)?

    <p>It binds intestinal toxins and coats irritated mucosal surfaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are laxatives used?

    <p>To increase stool frequency and reduce stool viscosity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a normal variation in bowel habits?

    <p>Three stools per week to three stools per day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for delayed gastric emptying?

    <p>Gastroparesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of prokinetics?

    <p>To increase contractile force and accelerate intraluminal transit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of liquid that should be emptied from the stomach within 30 minutes?

    <p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of prokinetic?

    <p>Levodopa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the smooth muscle that lies in the muscularis propria?

    <p>Circular and longitudinal layers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause decreased GI motility?

    <p>Systemic disease, intrinsic GI disorder, or medication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of metoclopramide on the upper GI tract?

    <p>It stimulates motility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time frame for emptying half of a digestible solid from the stomach?

    <p>2 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an additional mechanism by which orally ingested docusate can act as a stool softener?

    <p>By stimulating the secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk when docusate is taken in combination with other laxatives?

    <p>Increased absorption of the laxatives, leading to liver toxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a precaution to be taken when prescribing docusate with mineral oil?

    <p>Caution the patient about the increased absorption of mineral oil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of bulk-forming laxatives?

    <p>Increasing the bulk of the feces by attracting water and forming a hydrogel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for patients taking bulk-forming laxatives to drink adequate amounts of water?

    <p>To prevent dehydration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of fiber in the diet?

    <p>Plant material, such as fruit, vegetables, and cereals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a claimed benefit of a high-fiber diet?

    <p>Preventing constipation and diverticulitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the evidence for the benefits of high-fiber diets?

    <p>Further study is required to confirm the claims (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main indication for Lomotil?

    <p>Management of diarrhea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of Lomotil?

    <p>Children under 2 years old (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse reaction associated with the use of Lomotil?

    <p>Anorexia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of loperamide?

    <p>Inhibition of longitudinal and circular muscle activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of loperamide on intestinal fluid and electrolyte loss?

    <p>It decreases intestinal fluid and electrolyte loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of Kaopectate?

    <p>Kaolin powder and pectin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rationale behind the use of kaolin in treating diarrhea?

    <p>Its ability to adsorb bacterial toxins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of kaolin in the treatment of diarrhea?

    <p>2-10 g initially, followed by the same amount after every bowel movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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