Jersey College Drug Cards Week 1-3

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Questions and Answers

What is a potential side effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?

Hypoglycemia

Hypokalemia

Hypertension

Hyperkalemia (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a known side effect of aldosterone antagonists?

Testicular atrophy

Gynecomastia

Hypertension (correct)

Menstrual irregularities

What is a potential drug interaction that can affect the effectiveness of diuretics?

Antibiotics

Antidepressants

Herbal remedies (correct)

Antihistamines

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with morphine sulfate?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of morphine sulfate?

Binding to receptors in the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of naloxone?

To reverse the effects of opioid overdose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be avoided after administering morphine sulfate?

Driving a vehicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of administering morphine sulfate?

To relieve moderate to severe pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of aspirin?

To relieve pain, fever, and inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions should aspirin not be given to children?

Chickenpox or influenza Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk associated with the use of acetaminophen?

Liver toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Ibuprofen is primarily used to treat which of the following?

Mild to moderate pain, inflammation, and fever Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided while taking aspirin due to increased effects?

Alcohol and ginkgo Signup and view all the answers

What is a common gastrointestinal side effect of both aspirin and ibuprofen?

GI bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is classified as a non-narcotic analgesic?

Aspirin Signup and view all the answers

Ibuprofen should be used cautiously in which type of patients?

Patients with kidney failure Signup and view all the answers

What dietary modification is recommended for patients taking furosemide?

Eat potassium-rich foods Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is associated with both furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide?

Hypokalemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of loop diuretics like furosemide?

Promote rapid diuresis Signup and view all the answers

When should furosemide ideally be administered to minimize sleep disruption?

In the morning Signup and view all the answers

What condition is a potential risk associated with the use of both types of diuretics mentioned?

Ototoxicity Signup and view all the answers

What monitoring is essential for patients taking hydrochlorothiazide?

Regular blood pressure checks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for furosemide use?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What should patients taking hydrochlorothiazide be educated to do?

Keep track of fluid intake Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered a potential side effect of rifampin?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for rifampin?

It inhibits the synthesis of RNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of rifampin?

Treatment of tuberculosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a specific instruction for patients taking rifampin?

Avoid wearing contact lenses. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for a patient taking rifampin to contact their doctor immediately?

Any signs or symptoms of infection. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is NOT mentioned in the text as being used to treat bacterial infections?

Amoxicillin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which penicillins work to treat bacterial infections?

Weakening the bacterial cell wall Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential side effect of both penicillins and cephalosporins?

Gastrointestinal upset Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended course of action for a patient experiencing new diarrhea while taking an antibiotic?

Consult a doctor to determine if the diarrhea is related to the antibiotic Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to finish the entire course of antibiotics prescribed, even if symptoms improve?

Stopping early can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended practice before starting antibiotic treatment?

Wait for the results of a culture to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for obtaining cultures before starting antibiotic treatment?

To identify the specific bacteria causing the infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cephalosporins is TRUE?

They work by inhibiting the third step of bacterial wall synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a serious potential side effect of taking ciprofloxacin?

Tendon rupture Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of aminoglycosides like gentamicin?

Inhibit protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be monitored when administering erythromycin?

Rash and GI upsets Signup and view all the answers

What is an important dietary consideration for patients taking INH (isoniazid)?

Avoid alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before starting any antibiotic therapy?

Obtain cultures Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the effectiveness of contraceptives when taking certain antibiotics?

Contraceptives may be less effective Signup and view all the answers

What is a key monitoring parameter for patients taking aminoglycosides?

Kidney function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common gastrointestinal side effect of antibiotics?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for guaifenesin?

To loosen thick respiratory secretions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of diphenhydramine?

Drowsiness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of diphenhydramine?

Treatment of anxiety and insomnia Signup and view all the answers

What specific instruction should be provided to patients taking guaifenesin?

Swallow the capsule or tablet whole Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of diphenhydramine?

Glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Aspirin

Generic Name: Aspirin
Therapeutic Class: Analgesic, antiplatelet, antipyretic, salicylate
Pharmacologic Class: Salicylates
Indication: Relieves pain, fever, inflammation, Kawasaki disease, prevention of thrombotic events
Action: Inhibits prostaglandins, producing anti-inflammatory effects, decreased platelet function, reduced hemorrhage risk
Adverse Effects: Reye's syndrome, salicylism, GI bleeding, tinnitus, GI upset, rash
Side Effects: Tinnitus, GI upset, rash
Nursing Considerations: Should not be taken with alcohol or ginkgo due to increased effects.
Patient Teaching: Take with a full glass of water and food to reduce stomach upset. Keep out of children's reach. Do not give to children with chickenpox or influenza.

Acetaminophen

Generic Name: Acetaminophen
Therapeutic Class: Analgesic, antipyretic
Pharmacologic Class: Non-narcotic analgesic, antipyretic
Indication: To treat mild to moderate pain and fever.
Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis.
Adverse Effects: Liver toxicity, liver failure, serious skin reactions, GI upset.
Side Effects: GI upset
Nursing Considerations: Interactions with alcohol, anticholinergics, barbiturates, oral anticoagulants. Administer IV over 15 minutes.
Patient Teaching: Do not exceed recommended dose, do not take longer than 10 days. Report any difficulty breathing or rash.

Ibuprofen

Generic Name: Ibuprofen
Therapeutic Class: Analgesic
Pharmacologic Class: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
Indication: To treat mild to moderate pain, fever, inflammation.
Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, lowers inflammation, lowers platelet aggregation.
Adverse Effects: Risk of GI bleeding, ulceration, perforation, higher risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events, nephrotoxicity.
Side Effects: GI upset, dry mouth, heartburn, nausea.
Nursing Considerations: Not advised for patients with kidney failure or those having difficulty conceiving.
Patient Teaching: Take with food or liquid. Drink 2-3 liters of fluid daily.. Report difficulty breathing, signs of bleeding, swelling, upset stomach, weight gain.

Furosemide

Generic Name: Furosemide
Therapeutic Class: Diuretic
Pharmacologic Class: Loop Diuretics
Indication: Pulmonary edema, edema, hypertension.
Action: Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption, rapid diuresis; causes rapid loss of water.
Adverse Effects: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypotension, ototoxicity
Side Effects: Dehydration, hyperglycemia, rash, potassium imbalances.
Nursing Considerations: Administer early in the day to limit sleep disruption, monitor electrolytes.
Patient Teaching: Limit sodium intake. Educate patient to read food labels for hidden sodium, eat potassium-rich foods. Check blood pressure regularly.

Hydrochlorothiazide

Generic Name: Hydrochlorothiazide
Therapeutic Class: Diuretic
Pharmacologic Class: Thiazide Diuretic
Indication: Hypertension, edema
Action: Blocks reabsorption of sodium, chloride, water, and bicarbonate.
Adverse Effects: Hypokalemia, ototoxicity, irreversible impairment of hearing.
Side Effects: Dehydration, tinnitus, dizziness
Nursing Considerations: Administer several hours before bed to prevent sleep disruption. Monitor electrolytes.
Patient Teaching: Consume foods high in potassium; take medication as prescribed; keep follow up appointments; monitor blood pressure.

Spironolactone

Generic Name: Spironolactone
Therapeutic Class: Diuretic, aldosterone antagonist
Pharmacologic Class: Potassium Sparing diuretics
Indication: Heart failure, hypertension.
Action: Blocks aldosterone, promoting potassium retention and sodium excretion.
Adverse Effects: Gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities, hyperkalemia, deepening of the voice, vascular atrophy.
Side Effects: Cramping, dizziness, headache
Nursing Considerations: Monitor electrolytes; drug interactions may increase/decrease effectiveness.
Patient Teaching: Avoid activities requiring alertness, monitor blood pressure regularly.

Morphine Sulfate

Generic Name: Morphine Sulfate
Therapeutic Class: Analgesic, opioid agonist
Pharmacologic Class: Opioid agonists
Indication: Relieves moderate to severe pain.
Action: Binds to receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral tissues to decrease pain impulse transmission.
Adverse Effects: Addiction, abuse, respiratory depression, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, hypotension, sedation, GI upset, nausea, loss of appetite, constipation.
Side Effects: Sedation, GI upset, nausea, loss of appetite, constipation
Nursing Considerations: Monitor pain level, vital signs, respiratory status.
Patient Teaching: Administer naloxone for overdose; do not drink alcohol or take other drugs that cause drowsiness; sit or lie down for 30-60 minutes after injection; avoid smoking, cooking, and driving when drowsy.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential pharmacological information related to Aspirin and Acetaminophen, including their therapeutic classes, indications, actions, and potential side effects. Perfect for students in pharmacology or nursing courses, it helps reinforce knowledge on common analgesics used in clinical settings.