Jersey College Drug Cards Week 1-3
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential side effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hypertension
  • Hyperkalemia (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a known side effect of aldosterone antagonists?

  • Testicular atrophy
  • Gynecomastia
  • Hypertension (correct)
  • Menstrual irregularities

What is a potential drug interaction that can affect the effectiveness of diuretics?

  • Antibiotics
  • Antidepressants
  • Herbal remedies (correct)
  • Antihistamines

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with morphine sulfate?

<p>Hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of morphine sulfate?

<p>Binding to receptors in the brain and spinal cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of naloxone?

<p>To reverse the effects of opioid overdose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be avoided after administering morphine sulfate?

<p>Driving a vehicle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of administering morphine sulfate?

<p>To relieve moderate to severe pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of aspirin?

<p>To relieve pain, fever, and inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions should aspirin not be given to children?

<p>Chickenpox or influenza (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk associated with the use of acetaminophen?

<p>Liver toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ibuprofen is primarily used to treat which of the following?

<p>Mild to moderate pain, inflammation, and fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided while taking aspirin due to increased effects?

<p>Alcohol and ginkgo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common gastrointestinal side effect of both aspirin and ibuprofen?

<p>GI bleeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is classified as a non-narcotic analgesic?

<p>Aspirin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ibuprofen should be used cautiously in which type of patients?

<p>Patients with kidney failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary modification is recommended for patients taking furosemide?

<p>Eat potassium-rich foods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is associated with both furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide?

<p>Hypokalemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of loop diuretics like furosemide?

<p>Promote rapid diuresis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should furosemide ideally be administered to minimize sleep disruption?

<p>In the morning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is a potential risk associated with the use of both types of diuretics mentioned?

<p>Ototoxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What monitoring is essential for patients taking hydrochlorothiazide?

<p>Regular blood pressure checks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for furosemide use?

<p>Dehydration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should patients taking hydrochlorothiazide be educated to do?

<p>Keep track of fluid intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered a potential side effect of rifampin?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for rifampin?

<p>It inhibits the synthesis of RNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of rifampin?

<p>Treatment of tuberculosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a specific instruction for patients taking rifampin?

<p>Avoid wearing contact lenses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for a patient taking rifampin to contact their doctor immediately?

<p>Any signs or symptoms of infection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is NOT mentioned in the text as being used to treat bacterial infections?

<p>Amoxicillin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which penicillins work to treat bacterial infections?

<p>Weakening the bacterial cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential side effect of both penicillins and cephalosporins?

<p>Gastrointestinal upset (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended course of action for a patient experiencing new diarrhea while taking an antibiotic?

<p>Consult a doctor to determine if the diarrhea is related to the antibiotic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to finish the entire course of antibiotics prescribed, even if symptoms improve?

<p>Stopping early can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended practice before starting antibiotic treatment?

<p>Wait for the results of a culture to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for obtaining cultures before starting antibiotic treatment?

<p>To identify the specific bacteria causing the infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cephalosporins is TRUE?

<p>They work by inhibiting the third step of bacterial wall synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a serious potential side effect of taking ciprofloxacin?

<p>Tendon rupture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of aminoglycosides like gentamicin?

<p>Inhibit protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be monitored when administering erythromycin?

<p>Rash and GI upsets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important dietary consideration for patients taking INH (isoniazid)?

<p>Avoid alcohol consumption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before starting any antibiotic therapy?

<p>Obtain cultures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the effectiveness of contraceptives when taking certain antibiotics?

<p>Contraceptives may be less effective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key monitoring parameter for patients taking aminoglycosides?

<p>Kidney function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common gastrointestinal side effect of antibiotics?

<p>Nausea (B), Diarrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for guaifenesin?

<p>To loosen thick respiratory secretions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of diphenhydramine?

<p>Drowsiness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of diphenhydramine?

<p>Treatment of anxiety and insomnia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific instruction should be provided to patients taking guaifenesin?

<p>Swallow the capsule or tablet whole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of diphenhydramine?

<p>Glaucoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is aspirin?

Aspirin is a medication that reduces pain, fever, and inflammation. It also helps prevent blood clots.

How does aspirin reduce inflammation?

Aspirin reduces inflammation by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals that trigger pain and inflammation in the body.

Why should you avoid alcohol with aspirin?

Consuming aspirin with alcohol can increase the risk of side effects like stomach bleeding and ulcers.

What is acetaminophen?

Acetaminophen is a non-narcotic pain reliever that works by reducing fever and mild to moderate pain.

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How is acetaminophen processed?

Acetaminophen is known to be processed in the liver. Therefore, excessive use or underlying liver issues can lead to liver problems.

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What is ibuprofen?

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that relieves pain, fever, and inflammation by blocking the production of prostaglandins.

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What are some considerations while taking ibuprofen?

Ibuprofen can interact with alcohol, increasing the risk of stomach ulcers and bleeding. It is also not advisable for those with kidney problems.

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Why is ibuprofen commonly used?

Ibuprofen is a potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. It is used to manage pain and reduce inflammation. It is commonly available over the counter and is effective for various conditions.

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Loop Diuretic

A type of diuretic that works in the ascending loop of Henle, inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water, resulting in rapid diuresis.

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Furosemide

A common loop diuretic used to treat conditions like edema, hypertension, and pulmonary edema.

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Ototoxicity

A serious side effect of loop diuretics, characterized by hearing loss, dizziness, and tinnitus.

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Hypokalemia

A condition where there is too little potassium in the body, often caused by diuretics.

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Thiazide Diuretic

A type of diuretic that works on the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, blocking the reabsorption of sodium chloride, water, and bicarbonate.

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Hydrochlorothiazide

A common thiazide diuretic prescribed to treat conditions like hypertension and edema.

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Potassium Sparing Diuretic

A type of diuretic that works by blocking the action of aldosterone, a hormone that promotes sodium and water retention.

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Spironolactone

A common potassium-sparing diuretic used to treat conditions like hypertension and edema.

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Aldosterone antagonist

A type of diuretic that blocks the action of aldosterone, a hormone that regulates sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. This leads to increased excretion of sodium and water, while promoting potassium retention.

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Morphine Sulfate

A strong pain reliever that acts on the central nervous system (CNS). It is commonly used for moderate to severe pain.

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Opioid Agonists

A drug category that includes morphine and similar medications. They bind to receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral tissues to block or decrease pain impulse transmission.

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Respiratory Depression

A serious condition characterized by severe respiratory distress, often triggered by opioid overdose.

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Addiction

A state of dependence on a substance, typically associated with tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.

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Withdrawal Syndrome

Symptoms that occur when a person abruptly stops taking a substance they are dependent on, often characterized by physical and psychological discomfort.

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Rifampin

An antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis by inhibiting the synthesis of RNA in mycobacteria, leading to the production of defective proteins.

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Hepatotoxicity

A potential adverse effect of rifampin that involves the liver, often characterized by inflammation and abnormal liver function.

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Decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives

Rifampin can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Therefore, alternative methods of contraception should be considered if taking Rifampin.

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Bone marrow suppression

A serious side effect of certain medications that can affect the bone marrow and blood cell production, potentially leading to anemia or infections.

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Drug Interactions

Rifampin can interact with other medications, potentially causing adverse effects. It's crucial to review all meds with a healthcare professional before starting Rifampin.

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Penicillins

A group of antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of bacteria. They work by interfering with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to cell death.

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Ampicillin

A type of antibiotic that is commonly used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including skin and respiratory infections.

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Allergic Reaction

A common side effect of taking antibiotics, specifically, Penicillins. It can manifest as a rash, shortness of breath, or other symptoms.

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Superinfection

An infection that occurs after taking antibiotics. It can be caused by the overgrowth of bacteria that are resistant to the antibiotic.

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Cefazolin

A type of antibiotic that is often used to prevent infections during surgery.

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Cephalosporins

A group of antibiotics that work by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.

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C. diff

An infection caused by a bacterium called Clostridium difficile. It can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and other symptoms.

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Obtain Cultures

The process of obtaining a sample of bacteria from a patient to identify the type of bacteria causing the infection.

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Ciprofloxacin

A type of antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis, commonly used to treat a variety of infections including those affecting bones, joints, and anthrax.

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Fluoroquinolones

Antibiotics that belong to a class known as Fluoroquinolones. They are effective against a wide range of bacterial infections and work by inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis.

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Aminoglycosides

A powerful class of antibiotics known for their ability to kill bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis.

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Erythromycin

A type of antibiotic that belongs to the macrolide class. It effectively fights bacterial infections by inhibiting protein synthesis, slowing down their growth and reducing their ability to multiply.

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Macrolides

A type of antibiotic that works by blocking bacterial protein synthesis. It is particularly effective against certain strains of bacteria and is used to treat various infections, including those affecting the lungs, skin, and ears.

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INH (Isoniazid)

A type of antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis. It works by killing and inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for the disease.

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Antituberculosis Agents

A class of drugs specifically designed to combat tuberculosis infections. They primarily target Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacteria known for its tough outer shell.

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What is Guaifenesin?

A medication that helps loosen and thin mucus in the respiratory system, making it easier to cough up.

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What is Diphenhydramine?

A type of medication that works by blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical released during allergic reactions.

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What are some common side effects of Diphenhydramine?

This medication can cause side effects like drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. It is also not recommended during pregnancy.

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How should you take Guaifenesin?

It is important to take guaifenesin with a full glass of water to help loosen mucus and make it easier to cough up.

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What is Guaifenesin used for?

This medication is used to treat a cough related to respiratory infections, helping to thin the mucus and make coughing more productive.

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Study Notes

Aspirin

  • Generic Name: Aspirin
  • Therapeutic Class: Analgesic, antiplatelet, antipyretic, salicylate
  • Pharmacologic Class: Salicylates
  • Indication: Relieves pain, fever, inflammation, Kawasaki disease, prevention of thrombotic events
  • Action: Inhibits prostaglandins, producing anti-inflammatory effects, decreased platelet function, reduced hemorrhage risk
  • Adverse Effects: Reye's syndrome, salicylism, GI bleeding, tinnitus, GI upset, rash
  • Side Effects: Tinnitus, GI upset, rash
  • Nursing Considerations: Should not be taken with alcohol or ginkgo due to increased effects.
  • Patient Teaching: Take with a full glass of water and food to reduce stomach upset. Keep out of children's reach. Do not give to children with chickenpox or influenza.

Acetaminophen

  • Generic Name: Acetaminophen
  • Therapeutic Class: Analgesic, antipyretic
  • Pharmacologic Class: Non-narcotic analgesic, antipyretic
  • Indication: To treat mild to moderate pain and fever.
  • Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis.
  • Adverse Effects: Liver toxicity, liver failure, serious skin reactions, GI upset.
  • Side Effects: GI upset
  • Nursing Considerations: Interactions with alcohol, anticholinergics, barbiturates, oral anticoagulants. Administer IV over 15 minutes.
  • Patient Teaching: Do not exceed recommended dose, do not take longer than 10 days. Report any difficulty breathing or rash.

Ibuprofen

  • Generic Name: Ibuprofen
  • Therapeutic Class: Analgesic
  • Pharmacologic Class: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
  • Indication: To treat mild to moderate pain, fever, inflammation.
  • Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, lowers inflammation, lowers platelet aggregation.
  • Adverse Effects: Risk of GI bleeding, ulceration, perforation, higher risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events, nephrotoxicity.
  • Side Effects: GI upset, dry mouth, heartburn, nausea.
  • Nursing Considerations: Not advised for patients with kidney failure or those having difficulty conceiving.
  • Patient Teaching: Take with food or liquid. Drink 2-3 liters of fluid daily.. Report difficulty breathing, signs of bleeding, swelling, upset stomach, weight gain.

Furosemide

  • Generic Name: Furosemide
  • Therapeutic Class: Diuretic
  • Pharmacologic Class: Loop Diuretics
  • Indication: Pulmonary edema, edema, hypertension.
  • Action: Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption, rapid diuresis; causes rapid loss of water.
  • Adverse Effects: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypotension, ototoxicity
  • Side Effects: Dehydration, hyperglycemia, rash, potassium imbalances.
  • Nursing Considerations: Administer early in the day to limit sleep disruption, monitor electrolytes.
  • Patient Teaching: Limit sodium intake. Educate patient to read food labels for hidden sodium, eat potassium-rich foods. Check blood pressure regularly.

Hydrochlorothiazide

  • Generic Name: Hydrochlorothiazide
  • Therapeutic Class: Diuretic
  • Pharmacologic Class: Thiazide Diuretic
  • Indication: Hypertension, edema
  • Action: Blocks reabsorption of sodium, chloride, water, and bicarbonate.
  • Adverse Effects: Hypokalemia, ototoxicity, irreversible impairment of hearing.
  • Side Effects: Dehydration, tinnitus, dizziness
  • Nursing Considerations: Administer several hours before bed to prevent sleep disruption. Monitor electrolytes.
  • Patient Teaching: Consume foods high in potassium; take medication as prescribed; keep follow up appointments; monitor blood pressure.

Spironolactone

  • Generic Name: Spironolactone
  • Therapeutic Class: Diuretic, aldosterone antagonist
  • Pharmacologic Class: Potassium Sparing diuretics
  • Indication: Heart failure, hypertension.
  • Action: Blocks aldosterone, promoting potassium retention and sodium excretion.
  • Adverse Effects: Gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities, hyperkalemia, deepening of the voice, vascular atrophy.
  • Side Effects: Cramping, dizziness, headache
  • Nursing Considerations: Monitor electrolytes; drug interactions may increase/decrease effectiveness.
  • Patient Teaching: Avoid activities requiring alertness, monitor blood pressure regularly.

Morphine Sulfate

  • Generic Name: Morphine Sulfate
  • Therapeutic Class: Analgesic, opioid agonist
  • Pharmacologic Class: Opioid agonists
  • Indication: Relieves moderate to severe pain.
  • Action: Binds to receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral tissues to decrease pain impulse transmission.
  • Adverse Effects: Addiction, abuse, respiratory depression, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, hypotension, sedation, GI upset, nausea, loss of appetite, constipation.
  • Side Effects: Sedation, GI upset, nausea, loss of appetite, constipation
  • Nursing Considerations: Monitor pain level, vital signs, respiratory status.
  • Patient Teaching: Administer naloxone for overdose; do not drink alcohol or take other drugs that cause drowsiness; sit or lie down for 30-60 minutes after injection; avoid smoking, cooking, and driving when drowsy.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential pharmacological information related to Aspirin and Acetaminophen, including their therapeutic classes, indications, actions, and potential side effects. Perfect for students in pharmacology or nursing courses, it helps reinforce knowledge on common analgesics used in clinical settings.

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