Pharmacology of Anorectic Agents and CNS Stimulants

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following anorectic agents is noted for its high risk of causing cardiac issues and potential for abuse?

Dexfenfluramine

Sibutramine (correct)

Phentermine

Fenfluramine

What is the primary use of Methylphenidate?

Asthma management

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (correct)

Bladder relaxation

Antiobesity treatment

Which medication is classified as a B3-agonist and is used for bladder relaxation?

Dexfenfluramine

Salbutamol

Methylphenidate

Mirabegron (correct)

What condition is Ephedrine primarily used to treat?

Narcolepsy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents is NOT typically used for managing hypertension?

Sibutramine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of B-agonists in asthma treatment?

Relax bronchial muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs is characterized as sympatholytics?

Alpha blockers Signup and view all the answers

What side effect is commonly associated with the use of non-selective beta blockers?

Retrograde ejaculation Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of cardioselective medications for asthmatic patients?

No risk of asthmatic complications Signup and view all the answers

How do cardioselective medications affect diabetic patients?

No risk of inducing dyslipidemia Signup and view all the answers

What condition is not associated with the side effects of cardioselective medications?

Glycogenesis in skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which cardiac condition is treated with cardioselective medications?

Myocardial infarction (MI) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-cardiac use of cardioselective medications?

Management of glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

In patients with COPD, what is the advantage of using cardioselective medications?

No risk of suppressing guerncogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when prescribing cardioselective medications to athletes?

No risk of glycogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What type of arrhythmia can cardioselective medications help manage?

Atrial fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is a concerning side effect of cardioselective medications that should be monitored?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cardiac uses of cardioselective medications is incorrect?

They are ineffective in treating heart failure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for cardioselective medication use?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What parameter might be decreased in patients using cardioselective medications?

Heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which potential risk is NOT associated with cardioselective medications?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following conditions would cardioselective medications NOT provide a therapeutic benefit?

Psychological disorders Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anorectic Agents

Anorectic agents are used to treat anorexia and obesity.
They act on the hypothalamus at the satiety center.
Common anorectic agents include phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, sibutramine, fenfluramine, and dexfenfluramine.
Sibutramine is no longer used due to cardiac risks and potential for abuse.

CNS Stimulants

CNS stimulants are used to treat conditions such as ADHD and narcolepsy.
Methylphenidate is the drug of choice for ADHD and is also abused by athletes.
Ephedrine is another CNS stimulant that is abused by athletes. It is also a drug of choice for narcolepsy.
CNS stimulants can cause fatigue and improve performance on cooperative tests.

B-Agonists

B-agonists are bronchodilators used to treat asthma.
Salbutamol is a commonly used B-agonist.
Some B-agonists are also used as uterine relaxants (tocolytics) for conditions like COPD.
Examples of uterine relaxants include ritodrine and isoxuprine.
They are used to delay labor.

B3-Agonist

Mirabegron is a B3-agonist that acts as a bladder relaxant.
It is used to treat overactive bladder.
Mirabegron may also have antiobesity potential but is not currently approved for obesity treatment.

Imourably Acting S.Mimetis

These agents mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
They include:
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
- Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Cocaine
- Tyramine
- Ephedrine

Sympatholytics

Sympatholytics directly or indirectly decrease sympathetic nervous system activity.
Direct sympatholytics act directly on the sympathetic nervous system, relieving vascular outflow obstruction.
Indirect sympatholytics act on the [JMA ax] pathway, which indirectly impacts sympathetic activity and causes vasodilation.

Miotics and Their Use in HTN and BPH

Miotics are a type of sympatholytic that is used to treat hypertension (HTN) and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).
Common miotics include:
- Terazosin: Less risk of hypotension, but there is a risk of first-dose syncope.
- Doxazosin: Used for both HTN and BPH. Minimal dose should be taken at bedtime to prevent hypotension.
- Tamsulosin: Used for HTN in patients with dyslipidemia.
- Silodosin: Used for BPH.

Side Effects of Sympatholytics

Side effects of these medications include:
- Hypotension (postural)
- Ejaculation failure
- Retrograde ejection (urine flowing back into the bladder)
- Floppy eye syndrome (miosis)

Non-Selective Beta Blockers

Non-selective beta blockers block both β1 and β2 receptors.
They are available in two forms:
- Im-prodrug (slow): Phenoxybenzamine
- Rever (faster and short): Phentolamine, Tolosalde, Phenoxybenzamine (to control BP)
They are used to treat HTN. However, they are not used for PVD due to their risk of hypotension.

Selective Beta Blockers

Selective beta blockers block primarily β1 receptors.
Common selective beta blockers include:
- Cardioselective: Atenol, Acebutolol
- B2 Selective: Betaxolol

Metoprolol, Ermolol, Nebivol

These are specific types of cardioselective beta blockers that have the following advantages:
- No risk for asthmatic patients or patients with COPD.
- No suppression of gluconeogenesis in patients with diabetes.
- Safe for diabetic patients and do not increase dyslipidemia.
- No risk of uterine obstruction.
- No risk of glycogenesis in skeletal muscle.

Uses of Beta Blockers

Beta blockers are widely used for both cardiac and non-cardiac purposes.
Cardiac uses of beta blockers include:
- Treatment of MI, angina, and HTN.
- Treatment of heart failure and arrhythmias.
Non-cardiac uses of beta blockers include:
- VD (vasodilation)
- Fentotamise
- Deforest
- LA (local anesthesia)
- Glaucoma

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz will test your knowledge on anorectic agents used for treating anorexia and obesity, as well as CNS stimulants for ADHD and narcolepsy. You'll also learn about B-agonists and their role in asthma treatment. Dive into the pharmacology of these important drug classes!