36 Questions
What is the length of the rectum?
About 12 cm long
What type of epithelium lines the rectal mucosa?
Simple columnar epithelium
What replaces the serosa in the rectum due to the lack of a mesentery?
Adventitia
What is the function of the three transverse semilunar mucosal folds in the rectum?
They aid in supporting feces before defecation
What is the lining of the anal verge at the end of the rectum?
Epidermis of skin
What type of cells are predominantly found in the anal crypts?
Goblet cells
Describe the endoscopic appearance of the orifice of the appendix.
Slit-like depression near the center of the view of the caecal pole.
What is the characteristic feature of the transverse colon when viewed collectively?
Triangular appearance of the haustrations.
How does the lumen of the descending colon typically appear endoscopically?
More featureless compared to the more proximal colon.
What is a characteristic feature of the rectum when observed endoscopically?
Large transverse folds with prominent submucosal vessels, particularly in the lower third.
Where is the rectum directed and where is the anal canal located in relation to it?
Rectum is directed anteriorly, while the anal canal is located posteriorly.
What is the characteristic feature of the sigmoid colon when observed endoscopically?
Multiple large mucosal folds.
What structures are contained within the anal triangle?
Anal canal and ischioanal fossa
What is the ischioanal fossa?
A horse-shoe shaped fat-filled space on each side and behind the anal canal
Why are abscesses in the ischioanal space more painful?
Fat in the perianal space is more tightly loculated than in the ischioanal space
What may lead to the formation of fistulae between the skin and anal canal?
Rupture of perianal abscesses
What is Colle's fascia continuous with?
Membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia) of fascia of the abdomen
What is the position of the perineal body?
Superior and inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm
Where does the descending colon lie in the retroperitoneum?
On the left
What is the main blood supply to the rectum?
Superior rectal artery
What is the anastomotic vessel formed by the arteries of the midgut and hindgut?
Marginal artery of Drummond
Where does the bladder neck (internal urethral orifice) lie?
In a constant position
In males, what is the bladder neck in direct continuity with?
Base of the prostate
What is the apex of the bladder directed towards in both sexes?
Upper part of the pubic symphysis
What is the length of the rectum?
About 12 cm long
What is the structure that aids in supporting feces before defecation in the rectum?
Three transverse semilunar mucosal folds
What is the lining of the rectal mucosa?
Simple columnar epithelium
Where does the rectum end anatomically?
At the anal canal
What replaces the serosa in the rectum due to the lack of a mesentery?
Adventitia
What is the characteristic feature of the anorectal junction?
Conjoint longitudinal coat
What is the area around the base of each anal column that contains a hemorrhoidal artery and vein?
Hemorrhoidal venous plexus
What is a horse-shoe shaped fat-filled space located on each side and behind the anal canal?
Ischioanal fossa
What type of fascia is continuous with the membranous layer of the superficial fascia in the perineal space?
Colle's fascia
What may lead to the formation of fistulae between the skin and the anal canal?
Rupture of perianal abscesses
What is the boundary of the ischioanal fossa superiorly?
Inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm
What is more tightly loculated than the ischioanal space in the perianal area?
Fat in the perianal space
This quiz covers the anatomical structures and functions related to the anorectal junction, including the rectal mucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, and anal sphincters. Topics also include the rectum's length, location, and vascular supply.
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