Structure and Function of the Anorectal Junction
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Structure and Function of the Anorectal Junction

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Questions and Answers

What is the length of the rectum?

About 12 cm long

What type of epithelium lines the rectal mucosa?

Simple columnar epithelium

What replaces the serosa in the rectum due to the lack of a mesentery?

Adventitia

What is the function of the three transverse semilunar mucosal folds in the rectum?

<p>They aid in supporting feces before defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lining of the anal verge at the end of the rectum?

<p>Epidermis of skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are predominantly found in the anal crypts?

<p>Goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the endoscopic appearance of the orifice of the appendix.

<p>Slit-like depression near the center of the view of the caecal pole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the transverse colon when viewed collectively?

<p>Triangular appearance of the haustrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the lumen of the descending colon typically appear endoscopically?

<p>More featureless compared to the more proximal colon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the rectum when observed endoscopically?

<p>Large transverse folds with prominent submucosal vessels, particularly in the lower third.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the rectum directed and where is the anal canal located in relation to it?

<p>Rectum is directed anteriorly, while the anal canal is located posteriorly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the sigmoid colon when observed endoscopically?

<p>Multiple large mucosal folds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are contained within the anal triangle?

<p>Anal canal and ischioanal fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ischioanal fossa?

<p>A horse-shoe shaped fat-filled space on each side and behind the anal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are abscesses in the ischioanal space more painful?

<p>Fat in the perianal space is more tightly loculated than in the ischioanal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may lead to the formation of fistulae between the skin and anal canal?

<p>Rupture of perianal abscesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Colle's fascia continuous with?

<p>Membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia) of fascia of the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the perineal body?

<p>Superior and inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the descending colon lie in the retroperitoneum?

<p>On the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main blood supply to the rectum?

<p>Superior rectal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anastomotic vessel formed by the arteries of the midgut and hindgut?

<p>Marginal artery of Drummond</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the bladder neck (internal urethral orifice) lie?

<p>In a constant position</p> Signup and view all the answers

In males, what is the bladder neck in direct continuity with?

<p>Base of the prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the apex of the bladder directed towards in both sexes?

<p>Upper part of the pubic symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the rectum?

<p>About 12 cm long</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that aids in supporting feces before defecation in the rectum?

<p>Three transverse semilunar mucosal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lining of the rectal mucosa?

<p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the rectum end anatomically?

<p>At the anal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What replaces the serosa in the rectum due to the lack of a mesentery?

<p>Adventitia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the anorectal junction?

<p>Conjoint longitudinal coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the area around the base of each anal column that contains a hemorrhoidal artery and vein?

<p>Hemorrhoidal venous plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a horse-shoe shaped fat-filled space located on each side and behind the anal canal?

<p>Ischioanal fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fascia is continuous with the membranous layer of the superficial fascia in the perineal space?

<p>Colle's fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may lead to the formation of fistulae between the skin and the anal canal?

<p>Rupture of perianal abscesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary of the ischioanal fossa superiorly?

<p>Inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is more tightly loculated than the ischioanal space in the perianal area?

<p>Fat in the perianal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

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