Pharmacology of Aminoglycosides
20 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of absorption for aminoglycosides?

  • Rectal suppositories
  • Oral absorption
  • Not absorbed orally, due to polar compounds (correct)
  • Topical application

    • What is the primary mode of elimination for aminoglycosides?

  • Lymphatic system
  • Hepatic metabolism
  • Renal elimination (correct)
  • Biliary excretion

    • What is the percentage incidence of nephrotoxicity associated with aminoglycosides?

  • 2-3%
  • 6-7% (correct)
  • 15-20%
  • 10-12%

    • What is the effect of concurrent administration of aminoglycosides with neuromuscular blockers?

    <p>Neuromuscular paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of antibacterial effect of aminoglycosides?

    <p>Bacteriostatic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of aminoglycosides on myasthenia gravis patients?

    <p>Particularly at risk of neuromuscular paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of quinolone antibiotics?

    <p>Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is an antimetabolite?

    <p>Sulfonamides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical use of sulfonamide antibiotics?

    <p>Gram-negative rod infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is often used in combination with penicillin G or ampicillin to treat enterococcal infections?

    <p>Gentamicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is vancomycin eliminated from the body?

    <p>Renal filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of vancomycin?

    <p>Red man syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following penicillins is sensitive to beta-lactamase and has a narrow spectrum?

    <p>Penicillin G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of elimination for most penicillins?

    <p>Active tubular secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is NOT typically covered by the spectrum of ampicillin?

    <p>MRSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of beta-lactamase inhibitors?

    <p>To protect penicillins from inactivation by beta-lactamases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of penicillin therapy?

    <p>Hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following penicillins undergoes enterohepatic cycling?

    <p>Ampicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of benzathine penicillin G?

    <p>It is a repository form with a long half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE about the spectrum of ticarcillin?

    <p>It has increased activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vancomycin

    • Spectrum: MRSA, Enterococci, Clostridium difficile (backup drug)
    • Resistance: Vancomycin-resistant staphylococcal (VRSA) and enterococcal (VRE) strains
    • Pharmacokinetics: used IV and orally (not absorbed) in colitis, enters most tissues, eliminated by renal filtration
    • Side effects: "Red man syndrome" (histamine release), ototoxicity (permanent, additive with other drugs), nephrotoxicity (mild, additive with other drugs)

    Aminoglycosides

    • Mechanism of action: inhibition of protein synthesis
    • Spectrum: gram-negative rods; gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin often used in combinations
    • Pharmacokinetics: polar compounds, not absorbed orally, widely distributed into tissues, renal elimination proportional to GFR
    • Side effects: nephrotoxicity (6-7% incidence), ototoxicity (2% incidence), neuromuscular paralysis

    Beta-Lactams

    • Subgroups:
      • Narrow spectrum, beta-lactamase sensitive: penicillin G and penicillin V (spectrum: streptococci, pneumococci, meningococci, Treponema pallidum)
      • Very narrow spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant: nafcillin, methicillin, oxacillin (spectrum: known or suspected staphylococci, not MRSA)
      • Broad spectrum, beta-lactamase sensitive: ampicillin and amoxicillin (spectrum: gram-positive cocci, E. coli, H. influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, Borrelia burgdorferi, H. pylori)
      • Extended spectrum, antipseudomonal, beta-lactamase sensitive: ticarcillin, piperacillin (spectrum: increased activity against gram-negative rods, including P. aeruginosa)
    • Pharmacokinetics: most eliminated via active tubular secretion, dose reduction needed only in major renal dysfunction
    • Side effects: hypersensitivity (5-7% incidence), GI distress, Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in treatment of syphilis

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the pharmacokinetics and side effects of aminoglycosides, including their use in treating bacterial infections and tuberculosis.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser