Pharmacology: NSAIDs Effects on Gestation and Labour

Inhibition of PG formation by NSAIDs decreases uterine contractility.

NSAIDs can result in the closure of the ductus arteriosus in newborns.

NSAIDs reduce the production of prostaglandins by the uterus.

<p>It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fluid-filled nonfunctioning lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct damage to gastric and intestinal mucosa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The physiological function of mucosal prostaglandins in the stomach is cytoprotective, involving increasing mucous and bicarbonate secretion, decreasing acid secretion, increasing blood flow of the mucosa, and increasing the capacity for repairing damaged epithelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective COX-2 inhibitors have fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects than non-selective NSAIDs because COX-1 is responsible for the physiological protection function of the gastric mucosa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NSAIDs can lead to hypertension by inhibiting the synthesis of vasodilator renal prostaglandins, which results in vasoconstriction and decreased renal blood flow, stimulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and leading to sodium and water retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COX-1 is responsible for the physiological protection function of the gastric mucosa, while COX-2 is not involved in this protective mechanism. This explains why selective COX-2 inhibitors have fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects compared to non-selective NSAIDs that inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostaglandins decrease gastric acid secretion as part of their cytoprotective function in the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction of prostaglandin synthesis leads to a reduction in the protective measures of the gastric mucosa, resulting in damage to the mucosa and the development of gastrointestinal upset, erosions, and peptic ulcers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arachidonic acid (AA) is stored in the cell membrane phospholipids. It is mobilized by the enzyme phospholipase A2. The released AA then undergoes metabolism by the cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzyme pathway, which converts it into prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxane - collectively known as prostanoids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NSAIDs inhibit the COX enzymes, particularly COX-2, which reduces the production of prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators. This helps reduce inflammation, pain, and fever, but can also lead to side effects like gastric ulcers due to the inhibition of the protective COX-1 enzyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main types of COX enzymes are COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3. COX-1 is a constitutive enzyme involved in normal physiological functions like maintaining the gastric mucosal lining and regulating renal blood flow. COX-2 is an inducible enzyme that is upregulated during inflammation and plays a role in the inflammatory response. COX-3 is a variant of COX-1 and its exact function is not fully understood, but it may be involved in pain and fever pathways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostaglandins are lipid mediators that are produced during the inflammatory response. They contribute to the cardinal signs of inflammation, such as redness, swelling, pain, and fever. Prostaglandins also play a role in regulating blood flow, platelet aggregation, and other physiological processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 1st pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism involves the cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes, which convert AA into prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxane. The 2nd pathway involves the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, which convert AA into leukotrienes and lipoxins. These two pathways produce different classes of lipid mediators that have distinct roles in the inflammatory response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipase A2 is the enzyme responsible for mobilizing arachidonic acid (AA) from the cell membrane phospholipids. Once released, the AA can then undergo metabolism by the COX and LOX enzyme pathways to produce various lipid mediators like prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and lipoxins that are involved in the inflammatory response.</p> Signup and view all the answers