Pharmacology: Medications and Contraindications

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Questions and Answers

A client asks if their prescribed gentamycin medication can be crushed. Which response should the nurse provide?

Crushing is unsafe, as it destroys the active ingredients in the medication.

Crushing the medication would release all the medication at once, rather than over a sustained period. (correct)

Crushing the medication is a good idea, and I can mix it in some ice cream for you.

Crushing the medication might cause you to have a stomachache or indigestion.

A nurse starts a client's gentamicin infusion, programmed to infuse over one hour. Ten minutes later, the client reports dyspnea, generalized rash, and itchiness. What is the priority intervention?

Stop the infusion immediately. (correct)

Encourage the client to take deep breaths and remain calm.

Administer an IV fluid bolus to flush the medication.

Administer oxygen via nasal cannula.

Which of the following medications are used for contraception and/or prevention of pregnancy? (Select all that apply.)

Finasteride.

Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera). (correct)

Desogestrel (Mirena). (correct)

Ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone (Yaz). (correct)

A nurse is caring for a client who has sepsis and a prescription for vancomycin 1 g in 250 mL dextrose 5% (D5W) over 2 hr by IV intermittent bolus. To what rate in mL/hr should the IV pump be set?

125 (C) Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 100 mg PO every 8 hr to a toddler who weighs 20 kg. The recommended dosage range is 20 to 25 mg/kg/day. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?

The nurse administers the prescribed dosage. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A client diagnosed with trichomoniasis is prescribed metronidazole (Flagyl). The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which contraindication associated with this medication?

Alcohol (A) Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is caring for a client with swelling to the distal phalanges, first big toe, and 10/10 pain. Which medication would be administered for this client's acute gout?

Colchicine (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with gentamicin therapy?

Nephrotoxicity (B) Signup and view all the answers

A client with a history of penicillin-induced rash is prescribed amoxicillin. Which action should the nurse prioritize?

Consult the provider regarding an alternative antibiotic choice due to the cross-sensitivity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

To minimize complications during vancomycin infusion, which nursing intervention is most appropriate?

Administer the vancomycin infusion slowly, over a minimum of 60 minutes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with an oral candida infection involving the roof of the mouth and throat has been prescribed nystatin suspension. What is the nurse's priority action?

Shake the nystatin bottle vigorously to ensure uniform suspension of the medication. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is educating a patient receiving intermittent intravenous metronidazole. Which condition warrants the use of this medication?

As prophylaxis against infective endocarditis. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A client with tuberculosis is being treated with isoniazid and rifampin. Which outcome is the MOST reliable indicator of adherence to the medication regimen?

A negative sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI) is prescribed sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim). Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for this medication?

Megaloblastic anemia (D) Signup and view all the answers

A client has frequent infections with Strep throat. Which principle contributes to further bacterial resistance to antibiotics?

Skipping dosages (C), Treating viral infections with antibiotics (D), Discontinuing antibiotics once symptoms subside (E), Frequent use of antibiotics (F) Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is caring for a client receiving ciprofloxacin (Cipro) for treatment of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which black box warning (BBW) will the nurse include in the discharge education?

This drug has a black box warning for causing tendon rupture (A) Signup and view all the answers

A client diagnosed with trichomoniasis is prescribed metronidazole (Flagyl). The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which substance due to a contraindication associated with this medication?

Alcohol (B) Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is caring for an immunosuppressed pediatric client who reports soreness in his mouth and refuses to eat. Inspection of his mouth reveals a white, milky plaque that does not come off with rubbing. The nurse should anticipate which drug to be administered to this client?

nystatin (Mycostatin) (A) Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is teaching a client who is beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV which includes zidovudine (Retrovir). The nurse should include teaching regarding which black box warning associated with this medication?

lactic acidosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

A client diagnosed with strep throat requires antibiotics for treatment and has an allergy to penicillin. Which medication should be avoided due to cross-sensitivity with penicillin medications?

Cephalosporins (A) Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is caring for a client receiving doxycycline (Doryx) for the treatment of Lyme's Disease. Which instruction is most important to include?

Limit sun exposure and wear protective clothing when outdoors. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed gentamicin for a severe infection. What is a priority nursing intervention?

Assessing for tinnitus, vertigo, and changes in hearing acuity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client prescribed tetracycline. What statement indicates effective teaching?

"I should store this medication in a dark, dry place and discard any expired pills." (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drug classes reduces the surface tension of stool, facilitating water penetration?

Surfactant laxatives (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is primarily used to manage and alleviate diarrhea?

Loperamide (A) Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed doxycycline for a UTI. Which instructions are most important to include regarding potential side effects and interactions? (Select all that apply)

This medication may cause photosensitivity (B), This medication should not be taken with antacids (C), This medication may cause discoloration of the teeth (D) Signup and view all the answers

A client with a fungal infection is prescribed fluconazole. What potential side effect should the nurse include in client education?

Increase in the client's liver panel. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which classes of antibiotics are associated with the potential for QT prolongation?

Fluoroquinolones and Macrolides (C) Signup and view all the answers

A client with active TB receives a new prescription for rifampin. Which common side effect should the nurse inform the client about?

Orange-colored secretions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What key teaching point should a nurse emphasize to a newly diagnosed TB client regarding their antitubercular medication regimen?

A typical course of treatment involves 6 to 12 months of consistent medication use. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A client newly prescriptioned rifampin (Rifadin), which is a key teaching point?

Your urine and other bodily fluids may turn an orange color. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient who has been started on doxycycline (Doryx), what should be avoided?

Dairy products and antacids when taking this medication (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient who is taking fluconazole (Diflucan) for a fungal infection, what lab values should be monitored?

Liver Function Tests (LFTs) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Crushing Medications

Some medications should not be crushed as it alters their release.

Priority Intervention for Allergic Reaction

Stopping the infusion immediately is crucial for managing an allergic reaction.