Pharmacology and Drug Interactions Quiz

Drugs grouped together by their active ingredient, how they affect the body, and their chemical structure.

Drugs grouped based on what medical condition they treat, with the focus being on their therapeutic purpose.

Drugs that have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use in the United States.

Drugs that have a high potential for abuse but are accepted for medical use in the United States, often with restrictions.

Drugs that have a lower potential for abuse than Schedule II drugs, with accepted medical use and potential for moderate dependence.

Drugs with a lower risk of abuse than Schedule III drugs, with accepted medical use and potential for limited dependence.

Drugs with a lower risk of abuse than Schedule IV drugs, with accepted medical use and minimal potential for dependence.

Drugs that are available over the counter and do not require a prescription.

Drugs that are available without a prescription and often used as a supplement or alternative medicine.

Drugs that are manufactured through a process that uses dilutions of a substance, based on the idea of 'like cures like.'

The degree to which a drug produces the desired effect.

The amount of drug needed to produce a desired effect.

A molecule that binds to a receptor and activates it, triggering a response.

A molecule that binds to a receptor but only produces a partial response.

A molecule that binds to a receptor and blocks its activation.

The theory that the intensity of a drug's response is directly proportional to the number of receptors occupied.

The theory that the intensity of a drug's response is based on both the number of receptors occupied and the affinity of the drug for the receptor.

The relationship between the dose of a drug and the intensity of its effect.

When a person doesn't consistently take their medications as prescribed.

Higher levels of a medication in the bloodstream, typically measured just after taking the dose.

Lower levels of a medication in the bloodstream, typically measured just before the next dose.

Factors that impact a person's ability to take medication as prescribed, often related to their lifestyle, environment, or finances.

Strategies to improve medication adherence by simplifying the medication regimen.

A middle ear infection in young children.

Garlic is a natural supplement, but it needs to be consumed raw to be effective. 2-3 cloves per day is typically recommended.

Ginger root can help reduce nausea and vomiting, and may even have anti-inflammatory properties. It's often used for motion sickness, morning sickness, and chemotherapy side effects.

Treatment of AOM with antibiotics only if the condition is severe.

Ginkgo biloba can potentially improve walking distance for people with peripheral arterial disease. However, it can interact with blood-thinning medications, increasing the risk of bleeding.

Treatment of AOM with antibiotics regardless of severity in children under 6 months.

Glucosamine is commonly used to treat osteoarthritis. However, avoid it if you have a shellfish allergy, and it can cause GI disturbances like nausea and heartburn.

AOM treated with high-dose amoxicillin, a common antibiotic.

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria and yeast used to treat digestive issues like irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and C. difficile associated diarrhea.

AOM that doesn't respond to standard antibiotics.

Treatment for antibiotic-resistant AOM.

Resveratrol is a powerful antioxidant found in grapes, cranberries, and peanuts. It's promoted for its anti-aging effects and protection against chronic diseases.

Preventing ear infections through breastfeeding for at least 6 months.

Saw palmetto is often used to relieve urinary symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate (BPH). However, there's limited scientific evidence to support its effectiveness and it should be avoided during pregnancy.

Soy can be helpful for menopausal symptoms, but it shouldn't be used with anti-estrogens. It can also increase the risk of oxalate kidney stones.

Avoiding childcare centers during peak respiratory infection season to prevent AOM.

Vaccination against influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae to prevent AOM.

Alternative antibiotics for patients with severe reactions to beta-lactams, like penicillin.

Acute otitis externa (AOE) is an infection of the external auditory canal. The infection can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Symptoms include pain, itching, redness, and swelling in the ear canal.

Treatment for AOE typically involves topical medications, which can be administered in the form of drops or ointments. The specific medication prescribed will depend on the underlying cause of the infection. For bacterial infections, antibiotics are often used. For fungal infections, antifungals are used. For viral infections, antiviral medications are used.

If the tympanic membrane (eardrum) is ruptured, the treatment for AOE may involve oral antibiotics or antifungal medications in addition to topical medications.

Necrotizing otitis externa (NOE) is a serious infection of the external auditory canal that can cause destruction of the bone and cartilage of the ear. NOE is often caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and can be life-threatening.

Treatment for NOE often involves intravenous antibiotics, as well as surgery to remove the affected tissue. Sometimes the ear canal needs to be cleaned and the ear needs to be packed.

Fungal otitis externa (FOE) is an infection of the external auditory canal caused by fungi. Common fungal causes include Aspergillus, Candida, and Penicillium.

Treatment for FOE often involves topical antifungal medications. In some cases, oral antifungal medications may be necessary.

The auricle (pinna) is the visible part of the ear that we see. It collects sound waves and directs them toward the ear canal.

The external auditory canal is a tube that connects the auricle to the tympanic membrane (eardrum). It is lined with skin and produces wax that helps to protect the ear from foreign objects and infection.

The middle ear is located behind the tympanic membrane. It is an air-filled space that contains three tiny bones called ossicles. The ossicles transmit sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear.