Pharmacology Test #1 PDF

**[Pharmacology test \#1. Tanya green]** **The nurse is reviewing a pregnant client\'s prescribed medications that are currently due for administration at 0900. The nurse noticed that the physician ordered misoprostol to prevent stomach ulcers. What is the next action that the nurse should take?**...

**[Pharmacology test \#1. Tanya green]** **The nurse is reviewing a pregnant client\'s prescribed medications that are currently due for administration at 0900. The nurse noticed that the physician ordered misoprostol to prevent stomach ulcers. What is the next action that the nurse should take?** A.Notify the physician to change the route of administration. B. Do not give the medication and notify the provider for further clarification. C. Administer the medication and then monitor for adverse reactions. D. Verify the client\'s identity and administer the medication as prescribed. 2.**A nurse is educating the client about the baclofen. Which of the following responses is a therapeutic use of baclofen?** A. Relief of spasticity related to cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis. B. Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). C. Treatment of malignant hyperthermia. D. Treatment of alcohol use disorder **A nurse is providing teaching to a female client who is taking conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin). Which of the following clients are contraindicated for conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin)? (Select All That Apply).** A. A client with a history of thromboembolic disease, B. A client within story of hypertension C. A client with history of depression D. A client with atypical vaginal bleeding that is not diagnose **The nurse is educating a client about taking a tetracycline along with an antacid. The nurse explains to the client not to take these two medications because the antacid can reduce the absorption of the tetracycline. When one drug reduces the effect of another, it is:** A. an allergic reaction. B. a synergistic effect. C. an antagonistic effect. D. None of the above **A client has been newly prescribed with cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril). Which of the following statements indicates the correct therapeutic use for this medication?** A. Relief of muscle spasms related to muscle injury. B. Treatment of malignant hyperthermia C. Treatment of osteoporosis D. Treatment of migraines. Hide Correct Answer and Explanation **A nurse is teaching a client who has osteoporosis and a new prescription for alendronate (Fosamax). Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?** A. Take this medication with mess. B. Take this medication with an antacid if heartburn occurs C. Take this medication in the morning before eating. D. Chew the tablets to increase bioavailability. **A nurse is caring for a client who has difficulty swallowing medications and is prescribed enteric- coated aspirin PO once daily. The client asks if the medication can be crushed to make it easier to swallow. Which of the following responses should the nurse provide?** A. \"Crushing the medication would release all the medication at once, rather than over time.\" B. \"Crushing is unsafe, as it destroys the ingredients in the medication.\" C. \"Crushing the medication is a good idea, and I can mix it in some ice cream for you.\" D. \"Crushing the medication might cause you to have a stomachache or indigestion.\" **A nurse started a client\'s gentamicin via an intravenous (IV) route that is programmed to infuse over one hour.\ Ten minutes after the administration, the client reports dyspnea, generalized rash, and itchiness.\ What is the priority intervention for this client?** A. Stop the infusion immediately. B. Administer an IV fluid bolus to flush the medication. C. Encourage the client to take deep breaths and remain calm. D. Administer oxygen via nasal cannula. **A nurse is providing an in-service on female reproductive medications to the unit.\ Which of the following medications are used for contraception and/or prevention of pregnancy? (Select all that apply.)** A. Ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone (Yaz). B. Finasteride. C. Desogestrel (Mirena). D. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera). **A nurse is caring for client who has sepsis and a prescription for vancomycin 1 g in 250 mL dextrose 5% (DSW) over 2 hr by IV intermittent bolus. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.) answer 125.** **A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 100 mg PO every 8 hr to a toddler who weighs 20 kg. The recommended dosage range is 20 to 25 mg/kg/day. Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate?** A. The nurse determines that the prescription is insufficient to achieve the desired effect. B. The nurse administers the prescribed dosage. C. The nurse contacts the pharmacist to adjust the prescribed dosage. D. The nurse determines that the prescription is unsafe as it is above the recommended dosage range. **A client diagnosed with trichomoniasis is prescribed metronidazole (Flagyl). The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which contraindication associated with this medication?** A. Tyramine-based foods B. Dairy C. Alcohol D. Milkshakes **The nurse is caring for a client with swelling to the distal phalanges, first big toe, and 10/10 pain. Which medication below would be administered for this client\'s acute gout?** A. Febuxostat B. Physostigmine C. Captopril D. Colchicine **A client exposed to anthrax has presented to the healthcare setting. Which of the following medications below is the treatment for this biological exposure?** A. Nystatin (Mycostatin) B. Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) C. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) D. Sertraline (Zoloft) **A 55-year-old woman who recently reached menopause and has a family history of osteoporosis is diagnosed with osteopenia following a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). During your teaching, you should explain that:** A. Estrogen replacement therapy must be started to prevent rapid progression to osteoporosis. B. With a family history of osteoporosis, there is no way to prevent or slow bone absorption. C. Calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increasing calcium intake and weight-bearing exercises. D. Continuous, low-dose corticosteroid treatment is effective in stopping the course of osteoporosis. **A client diagnosed with strep throat requires antibiotics for treatment. With an allergy to penicillin, the nurse understands which medication should be avoided due to cross-sensitivity with penicillin medications?** A. Benzodiazepines B. Tetracyclines C. Cephalosporins D. Sulfonamides Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics that can have cross-sensitivity with penicillin. Approximately 5-10% of people allergic to penicillin may also react to cephalosporins due to structural similarities. Therefore, these should be used with caution or avoided in patients with penicillin allergies. **A nurse is caring for a client who has an infection. The nurse should use which of the following strategies to prevent the transmission of the client\'s infection?** A. Encouraging the client to consume a high-protein diet B. Changing the client\'s bed linens each day C. Placing the client in a room with positive-pressure airflow D. Performing hand hygiene before, during, and after direct contact with the client **A nurse is preparing to provide an in-service to the community about misoprostol (Cytotec). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in her teaching to the community?** A. \"An indication for this medication is used in clients taking short-term NSAIDs to prevent duodenal ulcers.\" B. \"This medication is indicated for female clients expecting a child or are currently pregnant.\" C. \"This medication is contraindicated for female clients expecting a child or are currently pregnant.\" D. \"An indication for this medication is used in clients to prevent stress-induced ulcers A nurse is providing an in-service regarding gastrointestinal (GI) medications. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate responses. Surfactant laxatives, such as Docusate sodiumbisacodylPolyethylene glycol ( Docusate sodium, bisacodyl, Polyethylene glycol), lower surface tension of the stool to allow penetration of water. This softens the stool so it can be passed more easily. On the other hand, Metronidazole morphineLoperamide ( Metronidazole, morphine, Loperamide) is used to prevent diarrhea. **A nurse is caring for a client recently prescribed doxycycline (Doryx) for the treatment of a urinary tract infection. Which of the following statements below applies to doxycycline (Doryx)? (Select All that Apply.)** A. This medication may cause discoloration of the teeth B~~. This medication should not be taken if you are lactating~~ C. This medication should not be taken with antacids D. This medication can cause hyperglycemia E. This medication should not be administered to anyone under the age of 20 years old. F. This medication may cause photosensitivity **The nurse is caring for a client with a fungal infection and prescribed fluconazole (Diflucan). Which of the following side effects should the nurse caution the client regarding?** A. Increase in the client\'s liver panel. B. Increase in the client\'s creatinine clearance. C. Change of color to the clients\' secretions. D. Red Man syndrome **The charge nurse is performing an Inservice regarding the adverse effects of antibiotic therapy. Which of the following antibiotics should the nurse include regarding the potential to cause QT prolongation? (Select All that Apply.)** A. Fluoroquinolones B. Macrolides C. Cephalosporins D. Penicillin\'s E. Tetracyclines F. Beta-Lactam\'s **A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and a new prescription for rifampin (Rifadin). The nurse should instruct the client that they should expect which of the following clinical manifestations while taking this medication?** A. Black-colored stools B. Orange-colored secretions C. Staining of teeth D. Constipation E. Tetracyclines **A nurse is instructing a client who is newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) about the use of antitubercular medications. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?** A. Medications will need to be taken for the rest of the client\'s life, even if the client feels better. B. The client\'s family will also need to take medications to prevent infection. C. A typical course of treatment involves 6 to 12 months of consistent medication use. D. Medications will need to be taken until the Mantoux test is negative. **A client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI) is prescribed sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim). Which of the following conditions below would be a contraindication for this medication?** A. Multiple Sclerosis B. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) C. megeloblastic anemia D. Helicobacter Pylori Hide Correct Answer and Explanation **The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with frequent infections with Strep throat. Which of the following principles contributes to further bacterial resistance to antibiotics? (Select All that Apply.)** A. Receiving excessive sunlight while on antibiotics B. Discontinuing antibiotics once symptoms subside C. Performing frequent handwashing while taking antibiotics D. Skipping dosages E. Treating viral infections with antibiotics F. Frequent use of antibiotics **The nurse is caring for a client receiving ciprofloxacin (Cipro) for treatment of a urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse will include which black box warning (BBW) in the discharge education?** A. This drug has a black box warning for causing tendon rupture B. This medication can cause thrombocytopenia C. This medication can cause thromboembolic events D. This medication can cause endometrial cancers **A client diagnosed with trichomoniasis is prescribed metronidazole (Flagyl). The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which contraindication associated with this medication?** A. Grapefruit Juice B. Alcohol C. Tyramine based foods D. Dairy **The nurse is caring for an immunosuppressed pediatric client who reports soreness in his mouth and refuses to eat. Inspection of his mouth reveals a white, milky plaque that do not come off with rubbing. The nurse should anticipate which drug to be administered to this client?** A. amoxicillin (Amoxil) B. acyclovir (Zovirax) C. metronidazole (Flagyl) D. nystatin (Mycostatin) **A nurse is teaching a client who is beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV which includes zidovudine (Retrovir). The nurse should include teaching regarding which black box warning associated with this medication?** A. tendonitis rupture B. lactic acidosis C. nephrotoxicity D. thromboembolic events **A client diagnosed with strep throat requires antibiotics for treatment. With an allergy to penicillin, the nurse understands which medication should be avoided due to cross-sensitivity with penicillin medications?** A. Macrolides B. Cephalosporins C. Tetracyclines D. Sulfonamides **A nurse caring for a client receiving doxycycline (Doryx) for the treatment of Lyme\'s Disease. Which statement below should be included in the client teaching plan?** A. Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medication B. Take this medication with antiacids to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms C. Obtain frequent eye checkups to prevent complications with this medication. D. Avoid dairy products while taking this medication **A nurse is caring for a client.** Exhibits **After reviewing the information in the client\'s medical record, which of the following provider prescriptions should the nurse anticipate?** **Complete the following sentence by using the list of options.** **The nurse should anticipate a provider prescription for [Amoxicillin]MetronidazoleAcyclovirIbuprofenFluconazolePenicillinas evidenced by the client\'s Vaginal dryness DysuriaHemorrhoidsPerineal soresPelvic painMenstrual cramps.** Nurses NotesVital Signs 1400: Client reports a recent episode of painful sores on the perineum, and muscle aches and chills for about 2 weeks. Client currently denies pain but reports sitting is uncomfortable at times. Client denies dysuria and reports mild vaginal itching. 1430: Perineal check reveals small pinpoint open vesicles and pustules on the labia majora with clear drainage noted. Thick, mucopurulent vaginal discharge noted on the client\'s perineal pad. **A client comes to the clinic with reports of dysuria and frequency. The nurse practitioner suspects that the client is experiencing a UTI. Which laboratory testing would be most important?** A. Urinalysis B. Chest X-ray C. Blood culture D. Complete blood count (CBC) **Fluoroquinolones, such as norfloxacin, are commonly prescribed antibiotics given to treat which of the following?** A. Fungal infections B. Viral infections C. Parasitic infections D. Urinary tract infections **A nurse is caring for a client who is taking rifampin. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor for as an adverse effect of the medication?** A. Blurred vision B. Jaundice C. Irregular heart rate D. Constipation **A nurse is caring for a client who develops an anaphylactic reaction to antibiotic administration. After assessing the client's respiratory status and stopping the medication infusion, which of the following actions should the nurse take next?** A. Give diphenhydramine IM. B. Elevate the client's legs and feet. C. Administer epinephrine IM. D. Replace the infusion with 0.9% sodium chloride. **A nurse is instructing a client who is newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) about the use of antitubercular medications. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?** A. Medications will need to be taken until the Mantoux test is negative B. A typical course of treatment usually involves 6 months of consistent medication use. C. Medications will need to be taken for the rest of the client\'s life, even if the client feels better. D. The client\'s family will also need to take medications to prevent infection. **Which of the following reaction to aminoglycoside therapy does not require discontinuation of treatment?** A. Nephrotoxicity B. Ototoxicity C. Nausea D. Vertigo **What steps should be taken before administering a broad spectrum antibiotic?** A. Monitor vital signs and assess for any signs of allergic actions or adverse effects B. Perform a culture and sensitivity test to identify the specific pathogen. C. Administer the antibiotic immediately without a by obtaining a specimen sample D. Consult with the healthcare provider to determine the appropriate dosage of the antibiotic. **What is the mechanism of action used by cephalosporins in the treatment of bacterial infections?** A. inhibition of protein synth B. Inhibition of DNA replication C. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis D. Inhibition of folic acid synthesis **Aminoglycosides are effective against which strain of bacteria?** A. Viral infections B. Gram-positive bacteria C. Fungal infections D. Gram-negative bacteria **Report Wrong Answer** **The healthcare provider orders azithromycin (Zithromax) 1000mg to be given as a loading dose. The nurse understands that the purpose of this loading dose is to:** A. Increase the duration of action of the medication B. Decrease the frequency of subsequent doses. C. Achieve therapeutic drug levels more rapidly D. Minimize the risk of adverse effects **Before administering amphotericin B to a patient, what is the most crucial step a nurse should take?** A. Attach a continuous pulse oximetry probe to the patient's finger. B. Set the IV pump to deliver the medication over a span of 30 minutes. C. Connect the patient to a continuous cardiac monitor. D. Evaluate the patient's sodium and calcium levels. **A patient is being discharged on a home course of antibiotics.** **What education should the nurse provide as an effective way to prevent antibiotic resistance?** A. Drink at least 2 liters of water a day B. Take antibiotics on-time around the clock C. Eat a serving of yogurt every day D. Stop antibiotics when symptoms resolve. Hide Correct Answer and Explanation **A nurse is about to give a client amoxicillin but discovers that the client had a rash when taking penicillin in the past. What should the nurse's next step be?** A. Discuss with the provider the possibility of using a different antibiotic. B. Administer the amoxicillin and keep epinephrine on hand. C. Request the provider to prescribe an antihistamine. D. Ask for an order for a beta-lactamase resistant drug **The nurse is administering a vancomycin infusion.** **What measure should the nurse implement to reduce complications that may occur with this drug's administration?** A. Monitor blood pressure for hypertension during the infusion. B. Restrict fluids during vancomycin therapy. C. Infuse the drug over at least 1 hour. D. Discontinue the drug immediately if red man syndrome occurs. **When the nurse is about to administer nystatin, which has been prescribed by the physician for a client with an oral candida infection that includes the roof of the mouth and the back of the throat, what should be the first step?** A. Measure the correct dosage using the provided device. B. Record the amount that has been administered. C. Instruct the client to swish the nystatin around their mouth. D. Vigorously shake the nystatin bottle. **A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is receiving intermittent parenteral metronidazole. Which of the following conditions should the nurse recognize as an indication for this medication?** A. Kidney transplant B. Endocarditis C. Seizures D. Hypokalemia **A nurse is caring for a client who has tuberculosis and is taking isoniazid and rifampin. Which of the following outcomes indicates that the client is adhering to the medication regimen?** A. The client has a positive purified protein derivative test. B. The client tests negative for HIV. C. The client has a negative sputum culture. D. The client\'s liver function test results are within the expected reference range.