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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What mathematical principle is NOT commonly used in pharmacology?
What mathematical principle is NOT commonly used in pharmacology?
- Fractions
- Decimals
- Percentages
- Trigonometry (correct)
If a patient weighs 180 pounds, what is their approximate weight in kilograms using the method of dividing by 2 and subtracting 10%?
If a patient weighs 180 pounds, what is their approximate weight in kilograms using the method of dividing by 2 and subtracting 10%?
- 90 kg
- 72 kg
- 81 kg (correct)
- 99 kg
Which of the following is NOT a factor involved in calculating medication doses?
Which of the following is NOT a factor involved in calculating medication doses?
- Patient's age (correct)
- The desired dose
- Medication concentration
- Volume to be administered
Which type of injection involves penetrating the dermis and subcutaneous tissue into the muscle layer?
Which type of injection involves penetrating the dermis and subcutaneous tissue into the muscle layer?
What is the conversion factor to convert grams to milligrams?
What is the conversion factor to convert grams to milligrams?
Which route of medication administration involves placing the medication under the tongue?
Which route of medication administration involves placing the medication under the tongue?
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Study Notes
Study Notes
- Mathematical principles used in Pharmacology involve fractions, decimals, percentages, and the metric system based on multiples of 10 for measuring length, volume, and weight.
- Volume conversions are common in Pharmacology, with 1 liter equaling 1,000 milliliters, and the conversion from grams to milligrams involves multiplying by 1,000 or moving the decimal point three places to the left.
- Converting pounds to kilograms is crucial for weight-based medications like milligrams per kilogram, with methods involving dividing the patient's weight by 2.2 or by 2 and subtracting 10%.
- Calculating medication doses involves three factors: the desired dose, medication concentration, and volume to be administered.
- Administering medication via different routes such as oral, rectal, subcutaneous, IM, IV, IO, sublingual, transcutaneous, transdermal, and inhalation has specific procedures and considerations.
- Packaging of medications includes ampules, vials, and pre-filled syringes, with different types used in prehospital care.
- Subcutaneous injections are given in the loose connective tissue between the dermis and muscle layer using 24 to 26 half-inch or 1-inch needles.
- Intramuscular injections penetrate the dermis and subcutaneous tissue into the muscle layer, allowing larger volumes of medication with a potential for nerve damage.
- Sublingual administration involves placing medication under the tongue, while nasal administration is absorbed rapidly through the nasal mucosa.
- Inhalation route is common for respiratory emergencies, with oxygen being a standard treatment, and medications can be delivered through a nebulizer or metered dose inhaler (MDI).
- Intravenous medication administration is the fastest route as it bypasses absorption barriers, with medications administered directly into the circulatory system using a needle and syringe.
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