Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the maximum dosage of dopamine infusion?
What is the maximum dosage of dopamine infusion?
- 10 ug/kg/min
- 30 ug/kg/min
- 20 ug/kg/min (correct)
- 15 ug/kg/min
What is the therapeutic use of isoprenaline?
What is the therapeutic use of isoprenaline?
- Chronic heart block
- Chronic bronchial asthma
- Hypertension
- Acute heart block (correct)
What is the dosage of isoprenaline by IV infusion?
What is the dosage of isoprenaline by IV infusion?
- 5-50 ug/min
- 10-100 ug/min
- 2-20 ug/min (correct)
- 1-10 ug/min
What is the contraindication of isoprenaline?
What is the contraindication of isoprenaline?
What is the mechanism of action of dobutamine?
What is the mechanism of action of dobutamine?
What is the dosage of dobutamine infusion?
What is the dosage of dobutamine infusion?
What is the advantage of dobutamine over other sympathomimetic drugs?
What is the advantage of dobutamine over other sympathomimetic drugs?
What is a common adverse effect of dobutamine?
What is a common adverse effect of dobutamine?
What is the primary use of albuterol and terbutaline?
What is the primary use of albuterol and terbutaline?
Which of the following is a therapeutic use of terbutaline?
Which of the following is a therapeutic use of terbutaline?
What is a common side effect of β2 agonists?
What is a common side effect of β2 agonists?
How long does a single dose of salmeterol or formoterol provide bronchodilation?
How long does a single dose of salmeterol or formoterol provide bronchodilation?
What is the difference between salmeterol and formoterol?
What is the difference between salmeterol and formoterol?
How are salmeterol and formoterol typically used?
How are salmeterol and formoterol typically used?
What is the route of administration for albuterol and terbutaline?
What is the route of administration for albuterol and terbutaline?
What type of receptors do salmeterol and formoterol selectively activate?
What type of receptors do salmeterol and formoterol selectively activate?
Which of the following anesthetics can potentiate the effect of Adrenaline, leading to cardiac arrhythmias?
Which of the following anesthetics can potentiate the effect of Adrenaline, leading to cardiac arrhythmias?
What is a major adverse effect of Adrenaline?
What is a major adverse effect of Adrenaline?
Which of the following is a minor side effect of Adrenaline?
Which of the following is a minor side effect of Adrenaline?
What can occur due to the use of infiltration anesthetics containing Adrenaline?
What can occur due to the use of infiltration anesthetics containing Adrenaline?
What is Noradrenaline used for?
What is Noradrenaline used for?
What is a therapeutic use of Noradrenaline?
What is a therapeutic use of Noradrenaline?
What can occur due to a large dose of Adrenaline?
What can occur due to a large dose of Adrenaline?
What is a common adverse effect of Adrenaline?
What is a common adverse effect of Adrenaline?
What is the effect of oxymetazoline on the body?
What is the effect of oxymetazoline on the body?
What is the mechanism of action of indirect-acting adrenergic agonists?
What is the mechanism of action of indirect-acting adrenergic agonists?
What is the effect of amphetamine on blood pressure?
What is the effect of amphetamine on blood pressure?
What is the primary mechanism of action of amphetamine?
What is the primary mechanism of action of amphetamine?
What is amphetamine used to treat?
What is amphetamine used to treat?
Why should amphetamine be avoided during pregnancy?
Why should amphetamine be avoided during pregnancy?
What type of drug is ephedrine?
What type of drug is ephedrine?
What is the classification of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine?
What is the classification of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine?
What is the primary indication for using salmeterol and formoterol?
What is the primary indication for using salmeterol and formoterol?
What is the main characteristic of phenylephrine?
What is the main characteristic of phenylephrine?
What is the primary effect of phenylephrine on blood pressure?
What is the primary effect of phenylephrine on blood pressure?
What is the adverse effect of large doses of phenylephrine?
What is the adverse effect of large doses of phenylephrine?
What is the primary mechanism of action of oxymetazoline?
What is the primary mechanism of action of oxymetazoline?
What is the primary use of oxymetazoline?
What is the primary use of oxymetazoline?
What is the effect of salmeterol and formoterol overuse?
What is the effect of salmeterol and formoterol overuse?
What is the primary effect of phenylephrine on nasal mucous membranes?
What is the primary effect of phenylephrine on nasal mucous membranes?
Study Notes
Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
- Adverse effects: cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, palpitation, dizziness, anxiety, headache, skeletal muscle tremors, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary edema
- Toxicity and side effects: anxiety, restlessness, headache, tremors, palpitation, angina pain, and cerebral hemorrhage
- Large doses can lead to sharp rise in blood pressure, severe vasoconstriction, and gangrene of fingers or toes
Other Sympathomimetics
- Noradrenaline (Nor Epinephrine): natural sympathomimetic catecholamine, administered by I.V. infusion, used for acute hypotension, post-operative shock, and spinal anesthesia
- Dopamine (Intropin): dosage 5 ug/kg/min by continuous infusion, adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, hypertension, arrhythmia
- Isoprenaline (Isoproterenol or Isuprel): synthetic sympathomimetic catecholamine, not effective orally, administered by injection or inhalation, therapeutic uses: acute heart block, acute bronchial asthma
- Dobutamine (Dobutrex): synthetic direct-acting catecholamine, β1 receptor agonist, increases cardiac rate and output with few vascular effects, used to treat unstable congestive heart failure and shock
Beta-2 Agonists
- Albuterol (Salbutamol) and Terbutaline: short-acting β2 agonists, used primarily as bronchodilators, administered by metered-dose inhaler
- Therapeutic uses: treatment of bronchospasm (asthma), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchitis
- Side effects: tremor, primarily due to excessive β2-receptor activation
- Salmeterol and Formoterol: long-acting β2-adrenergic selective agonists, used for nocturnal asthma, not recommended as monotherapy, but effective when combined with corticosteroid
Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists
- Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine): direct-acting synthetic adrenergic drug, binds primarily to α1 receptors, raises both systolic and diastolic blood pressures, used topically on nasal mucous membranes and in ophthalmic solutions for mydriasis
- Oxymetazoline: direct-acting synthetic adrenergic agonist, stimulates both α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors, used locally in the eye or nose as a vasoconstrictor
Indirect-acting Adrenergic Agonists
- Amphetamine: increases blood pressure significantly by α1-agonist action on the vasculature and β-stimulatory effects on the heart, indirect-acting adrenergic agonist, used for treating hyperactivity in children, narcolepsy, and appetite control
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Description
This quiz covers the effects of anesthetics like chloroform, cyclopropane, and halothane on cardiac arrhythmias, particularly when used with adrenaline. It also discusses the adverse effects of adrenaline.
