Anesthesia Board Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Serotonin has a vasodilatory effect on what part of the body?

skeletal muscle

The leading cause of liver failure in the US is what?

alcohol abuse

Drugs that bind to the proton pump of gastric parietal cells and inhibit hydrogen ion secretion include:

omeprazole (prilosec)

Drugs that inhibit coagulation through direct inhibition of thrombin include:

bivalirudin Signup and view all the answers

What anticoagulant drug causes less platelet inhibition than heparin?

enoxaparin Signup and view all the answers

Termination of the effects of succinylcholine at the neuromuscular junction occurs as a result of what?

diffusion of succinylcholine away from the receptors Signup and view all the answers

An occurrence malpractice insurance policy offers what?

coverage if the policy was in place at the time of the incident Signup and view all the answers

Droperidol has what type of activity on the rhythm and should not be given to what type of patient?

antiarrhythmic activity; patients with QT intervals measuring more than 440 ms Signup and view all the answers

The phrenic nerve arises from which spinal nerve roots?

C3 - C5 Signup and view all the answers

What are factors that are associated with acute lung injury after thoracic surgery?

excessive intravascular volume, high ventilation pressures, right pneumonectomy and preoperative alcohol abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of intraoperative heat loss?

radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is sinus arrhythmia?

a cyclic variation in heart rate that corresponds to ventilation Signup and view all the answers

The block associated with the highest blood level of local anesthetic per volume injected is the:

intercostal block Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence of VAE?

20 - 40% Signup and view all the answers

The duration of action of atracurium may be significantly prolonged by:

hypothermia or acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Peak serum levels of local anesthetic from tumescent liposuction are most commonly seen in what time frame?

12 - 14 hours after injection Signup and view all the answers

Opioids currently NOT approved for epidural or intrathecal use include:

remifentanil Signup and view all the answers

Anesthetic management shown to reduce the incidence of postoperative apnea includes:

the intravenous administration of caffeine Signup and view all the answers

Reduction of heart rate seen with the administration of opiates is mediated through which receptors?

mu receptors Signup and view all the answers

List the voltages where the following is felt:

1mAmp = perception threshold 15mAmp = let-go current 100 microAmp = microshock risk 200mAmp = v-fib Signup and view all the answers

Mortality after liposuction procedures most commonly is the result of:

pulmonary embolism Signup and view all the answers

Pulmonary effects of α1-adrenergic stimulation include:

decreased bronchial secretions Signup and view all the answers

The area of myocardium most vulnerable to ischemia is the:

left ventricular subendocardium Signup and view all the answers

An anxiolytic herbal medication associated with a decrease in the requirement of inhaled anesthetic agent (MAC) is:

valerian Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pharmacology and Physiology

Serotonin: Induces vasodilation primarily in skeletal muscle.
Liver Failure: Leading cause in the US is attributable to alcohol abuse.
Proton Pump Inhibitors: Omeprazole (Prilosec) inhibits hydrogen ion secretion by binding to the proton pump in gastric parietal cells.
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors: Bivalirudin is notable for inhibiting coagulation by directly targeting thrombin.

Anesthesia and Surgery

Enoxaparin: A low molecular weight heparin that causes less platelet inhibition than heparin and is more effective against factor Xa.
Succinylcholine: Its effects are terminated by diffusion away from receptors and subsequent hydrolysis in plasma by pseudocholinesterase.
Malpractice Insurance: Occurrence policies cover incidents during the policy term regardless of claim filing date, unlike claims-made policies.
Droperidol: Exhibits mild alpha-blocking and antiarrhythmic properties but can prolong the QT interval; not suitable for patients with QT > 440 ms or pheochromocytoma.

Neurology and Respiratory System

Phrenic Nerve: Powered by spinal roots C3 - C5; unilateral palsy leads to moderate reduction in pulmonary function.
Acute Lung Injury: Associated with excessive intravascular volume, high ventilation pressures, right pneumonectomy, and preoperative alcohol use.
Intraoperative Heat Loss: Radiation accounts for approximately 40%, followed by convection which accounts for 32%.

Cardiology and Monitoring

Sinus Arrhythmia: Defined as heart rate variation with ventilation; considered a normal rhythm due to changes in vagal tone.
Local Anesthetic Blood Levels: Intercostal block results in the highest blood levels of local anesthetic per volume injected.
Venous Air Embolism: Incidence is heightened during sitting craniotomies, ranging from 20 - 40%.
Atracurium Duration: Prolonged by hypothermia or acidosis due to its unique metabolism via Hoffman elimination.

Pediatrics and Risk Management

Tumescent Liposuction: Peak serum lidocaine levels occur 12 - 14 hours post-injection; involves large volumes of tumescent solution.
Caffeine Administration: Effective in reducing postoperative apnea in at-risk infants; recommended loading dose is 10 mg/kg.
Opiates and Heart Rate: Reduction in heart rate from opiates mediated through mu receptors.

Electrical Safety

Electrical Voltage Risks:
- 1 mA: Perception threshold
- 15 mA: Let-go current
- 100 µA: Microshock risk
- 200 mA: Potential for ventricular fibrillation

Surgical Complications

Liposuction Mortality: Most commonly caused by pulmonary embolism, with a mortality rate of approximately 0.02%.
α1-Adrenergic Stimulation: Results in decreased bronchial secretions; conversely, β2 stimulation promotes bronchodilation.

Cardiac Vulnerability

Ischemia: The left ventricular subendocardium is the most susceptible area due to restricted perfusion and greater systolic shortening.

Herbal Medicine

Valerian: An anxiolytic herbal remedy that decreases the requirement for inhaled anesthetic agents (MAC) by exerting a GABA-mediated hypnotic effect.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards designed for anesthesia board exam preparation. Each card covers critical concepts including drug effects, liver failure causes, and more. Perfect for quick reviews and self-assessment.