30 Questions
What is the primary mechanism of action of sympathomimetics as hemostatic agents?
By reducing bleeding through local vasoconstriction
What is the normal count of platelets in μmL of blood?
100,000 to 450,000
What is the normal bleeding time using Duke's Test?
1-3 minutes
What is the half-life of platelets in days?
7-10 days
What is the effect of local anesthetics on smooth muscle?
Relaxation
What is the characteristic of Lidocaine toxicity that may appear without initial stimulation?
Depression
What is released by platelets during activation?
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
What is the function of Vitamin K in blood clotting?
Essential for the normal hepatic biosynthesis of several factors
What is the primary mechanism of action of styptics and astringents?
By precipitating tissue protein
What is the effect of local anesthetics on sensory receptors?
Depression
What is the purpose of administering anticoagulants to patients?
To prevent blood clotting in patients with a history of thrombosis
What is the mechanism of action of heparin?
Enhances the activity of anti-thrombin III
What is one of the pharmacologic effects of general anesthesia on the urinary system?
Reduced urine output
In which stage of anesthesia is analgesia associated with the majority of surgical procedures?
Stage III: Surgical Anesthesia
What is the primary characteristic of Stage IV of anesthesia?
Cessation of spontaneous respiration
Which hormone is released during general anesthesia?
Adenocorticotrophic hormone (ADH)
What is the first phase of anesthesia according to Flagg's classification?
Induction
What is the characteristic of Stage II of anesthesia?
Excitement and involuntary muscular activity
What is a distinctive characteristic of halothane in terms of its smell?
Pleasant smell
What is a common effect of enflurane on the body?
Respiratory depression
What is a unique feature of isoflurane compared to other anesthetics mentioned?
Little or no effect on cardiac output
What is a possible emergency situation associated with anesthetics?
Hypersensitivity reaction
What is a characteristic of halothane in terms of its flammability?
Not inflammable and non-explosive
What is a characteristic of enflurane in terms of its excretion?
80% excreted unchanged in expired gas
What is the primary effect of a vasoconstrictor in local anesthesia?
Reduces bleeding at the site of injection
What is paresthesia associated with?
Prolonged numbness
What is the normal vasoconstrictor content used in a normal patient?
1:100,000 to 1:150,000
What is the ideal property of local anesthetics?
Rapid onset and satisfactory duration
What is the effect of a local anesthetic with an antioxidant?
Preserves the local anesthetic from degradation
What is the order of loss of sensations due to local anesthesia?
Cold, warmth, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception
Test your knowledge of local anesthetics, their chemistry, and pharmacological effects. This quiz covers reversible blockade of nerve conduction, anatomic loss, and more. Perfect for pharmacy and medical students.
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