Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the normal level of Na+ in the body?
What is the normal level of Na+ in the body?
What is the definition of hyponatremia?
What is the definition of hyponatremia?
What is the main cause of hypernatremia?
What is the main cause of hypernatremia?
What is the role of V2 receptors in the renal collecting ducts?
What is the role of V2 receptors in the renal collecting ducts?
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What is the result of osmotic diuresis or diabetes insipidus?
What is the result of osmotic diuresis or diabetes insipidus?
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What is the effect of ADH or vasopressin release on the vasculature?
What is the effect of ADH or vasopressin release on the vasculature?
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What is the relationship between osmolarity and conc solute?
What is the relationship between osmolarity and conc solute?
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What is the result of severe hyponatremia?
What is the result of severe hyponatremia?
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What is the primary reason for water loss in hypernatremia?
What is the primary reason for water loss in hypernatremia?
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What is the response of the posterior pituitary to high osmolarity?
What is the response of the posterior pituitary to high osmolarity?
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What is the effect of V1b receptors on the brain?
What is the effect of V1b receptors on the brain?
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What is the result of a state of hyperosmolarity?
What is the result of a state of hyperosmolarity?
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What is the effect of CHF on Na+ levels?
What is the effect of CHF on Na+ levels?
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What is the role of V1a receptors in the vasculature?
What is the role of V1a receptors in the vasculature?
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What is the relationship between osmolarity and serum Na+ levels?
What is the relationship between osmolarity and serum Na+ levels?
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What is the main cause of hyponatremia?
What is the main cause of hyponatremia?
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Study Notes
Electrolyte Imbalance
- Normal sodium (Na+) level: 135-145 mEq/L
- Osmolarity: concentration of solute (constant) / solvent (constant)
Hyponatremia (Serum Na+ < 135 mEq/L)
- Causes:
- CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)
- Liver failure
- SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone)
- ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) or vasopressin release from posterior pituitary in response to high osmolarity
- ADH binds to three receptors:
- V1a in vasculature (vasoconstriction)
- V1b in brain
- V2 in renal collecting ducts (increased water absorption)
Hypernatremia (Plasma Na+ > 145 mEq/L)
- Represents a state of hyperosmolarity
- Causes:
- Primary Na+ gain
- Water loss or less water intake (more common)
- Renal water loss due to:
- Osmotic diuresis
- Diabetes insipidus (↓ ADH)
Electrolyte Imbalance
- Normal sodium (Na+) level: 135-145 mEq/L
- Osmolarity: concentration of solute (constant) / solvent (constant)
Hyponatremia (Serum Na+ < 135 mEq/L)
- Causes:
- CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)
- Liver failure
- SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone)
- ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) or vasopressin release from posterior pituitary in response to high osmolarity
- ADH binds to three receptors:
- V1a in vasculature (vasoconstriction)
- V1b in brain
- V2 in renal collecting ducts (increased water absorption)
Hypernatremia (Plasma Na+ > 145 mEq/L)
- Represents a state of hyperosmolarity
- Causes:
- Primary Na+ gain
- Water loss or less water intake (more common)
- Renal water loss due to:
- Osmotic diuresis
- Diabetes insipidus (↓ ADH)
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Description
This quiz covers electrolyte imbalance, specifically hyponatremia, and kidney injuries, including normal sodium levels and osmolarity.
