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Questions and Answers
What is the meaning of 'Pharmacology'?
What is the meaning of 'Pharmacology'?
- The study of the physical and chemical properties of drugs (correct)
- The study of diseases in dentistry
- The study of living tissues in medicine
- The study of ancient languages and their impact on medicine
Why is it important for dentists to study Pharmacology?
Why is it important for dentists to study Pharmacology?
- To understand the history of drug development
- To communicate effectively with patients
- To learn ancient medicinal practices
- To be able to prescribe appropriate drugs for patients (correct)
How did Herbal therapeutics contribute to the development of Pharmacology?
How did Herbal therapeutics contribute to the development of Pharmacology?
- By focusing solely on synthetic drugs
- By ignoring traditional medicine practices
- By studying the effects of herbs on living tissues (correct)
- By experimenting on animals
What marks the early period in the history of Pharmacology?
What marks the early period in the history of Pharmacology?
What motivated the beginning of the study of Pharmacology?
What motivated the beginning of the study of Pharmacology?
Who is considered the father of modern pharmacology?
Who is considered the father of modern pharmacology?
What is the ultimate goal for a prescriber regarding Pharmacology?
What is the ultimate goal for a prescriber regarding Pharmacology?
Which individual is associated with the discovery of penicillin?
Which individual is associated with the discovery of penicillin?
What is the branch of pharmacology concerned with the movements of drugs in the body?
What is the branch of pharmacology concerned with the movements of drugs in the body?
Which scientist is known for the isolation of histamine from pituitary extract?
Which scientist is known for the isolation of histamine from pituitary extract?
Who initiated the scientific method in studies on drugs, earning the title 'father of experimental pharmacology'?
Who initiated the scientific method in studies on drugs, earning the title 'father of experimental pharmacology'?
What does pharmacodynamics deal with?
What does pharmacodynamics deal with?
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Study Notes
Definition and Scope of Pharmacology
- Pharmacology is the science that deals with the chemical and physical properties of drugs, their sources, effects, biotransformation, and excretion.
- It is the study of the effects of chemical substances upon living tissues.
Importance of Pharmacology in Dentistry
- To cure disease
- To prescribe drugs to patients appropriate for their condition
- To communicate with medical staff and practitioners
- To obtain maximal advantage while producing minimal disadvantages
- To be aware of how drugs may modify the physiology of the patient
History of Pharmacology
- Began with observations on the effects of certain plant roots and leaves on human awareness and function
- Developed into herbal therapeutics
- Spread and shared knowledge on predictable effects of certain plants
- Evolved into a huge industrial and academic community concerned with the study and development of drugs
Periods of Pharmacology
Early Period
- Characterized by empirical observations in the use of crude drugs
- Primitive people discovered relationships between drugs and disease
- Sir William Osler (1894): "man has an inborn craving for medicine"
Modern Period
- Based on experimental investigations on the site and mode of action of drugs
- Francois Magendie initiated the scientific method to studies on drugs
- Claude Bernard expanded the methods of Francois Magendie
- Oswald Schmiedeburg is touted with the development of Experimental Pharmacology in Germany
- John Jacob Abel is associated with the development of Experimental Pharmacology in America
Contributors to Pharmacology
- Claude Bernard: expanded application of scientific method
- Alexander Fleming: discovered penicillin
- Hippocrates: father of medicine
- Oswald Schmiedeburg: development of experimental pharmacology, father of modern pharmacology
- Joseph Lister: antiseptic technique
- John Jacob Abel: epinephrine from adrenal gland extracts, isolation of histamine, and preparation of pure crystalline insulin
- Reid Hunt: discovered acetylcholine in adrenal extracts
Branches of Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
- Concerned with the absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion of drugs
- Deals with how the body handles the drug
Pharmacodynamics
- Deals with the effects of drugs in the body
- Concerned with the mechanism of action/effect of a drug in living organisms
- Deals with the physiologic and biochemical effects of the drug
- Concerned with how the drug produces its effect and what the drug does to the body
Pharmacognosy
- Concerned with the identification and procurement of crude and naturally occurring drugs
- Formerly known as "Materia Medica"
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