Antimicrobial Drugs in Dentistry: Penicillins, Cephalosporins & Sulphonamides

What is the primary goal of chemotherapy in treating infectious diseases?

To destroy microorganisms preferentially with minimal damage to host tissues (correct)
To promote the growth of microorganisms
To destroy microorganisms at a high concentration
To destroy host tissues

What is the primary difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents?

Their effectiveness against different types of microorganisms
Their source of origin: natural or synthetic
Their concentration required for effectiveness
Their mechanism of action: killing or inhibiting growth (correct)

Which of the following is an example of a bacteriostatic agent?

Aminoglycoside
Sulphonamide (correct)
Penicillin
Cephalosporin

What is the term for synthetic antimicrobial agents that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms?

Chemotherapeutics (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between antibiotics and chemotherapeutics?

Their source of origin: natural or synthetic (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a bactericidal agent?

Penicillin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred mode of drug administration in the treatment of dental patients?

Oral route (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is amoxicillin preferred over penicillin V for infections of dental origin?

Because of its better pharmacokinetics (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms may require the use of a penicillinase-resistant penicillin, erythromycin, or clindamycin?

β-lactamase-producing organisms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum percentage of the dosing interval during which serum and tissue concentrations of cephalosporins should remain above the organism's MIC?

60% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why may patients receiving extended prophylactic therapy with penicillin require another antibiotic?

Because they acquire an infection or require endocarditis prophylaxis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following patients is likely to require chemoprophylaxis before undergoing dental procedures?

Patients with valvular lesions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of prolonged antibiotic therapy, especially in immunocompromised patients?

Superinfection (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of antimicrobial agent may be required for certain periodontal infections?

An antimicrobial agent with a more extended antibacterial spectrum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of cephalosporins in the treatment of orofacial infections?

They have limited activity against oral anaerobes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of cell wall synthesis inhibitors?

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a bactericidal cell wall synthesis inhibitor?

Cephalosporin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using β-lactam antibiotics in a time-dependent manner?

To ensure that the antibiotic concentration remains above the MIC for a sufficient period (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of co-trimoxazole?

Inhibiting folate synthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of prophylaxis against rheumatic endocarditis?

To prevent reinfection of the heart valves (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which two antimicrobials are commonly used in the prophylaxis against rheumatic endocarditis?

Penicillin and erythromycin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential causes of failure of antibiotic therapy?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of failure of antibiotic therapy?

Vitamin deficiency (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many causes of failure of antibiotic therapy were enumerated in the text?

4 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of discussing the pharmacology of a sample?

To understand the therapeutic uses of the sample (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of a sample primarily related to?

Its therapeutic uses in medicine and dentistry (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to study the adverse reactions of a sample?

To identify possible side effects in patients (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the route of administration of a sample?

It determines how the sample is delivered to the patient (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of analyzing the synergistic combinations of a sample?

To enhance its therapeutic effects (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to study the pharmacology of a sample in medicine and dentistry?

To ensure safe and effective use of the sample (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of a sample?

The mechanism of action determines the therapeutic uses (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of studying the pharmacology of a sample?

Its mechanism of action and therapeutic uses (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider the value of combination of a sample?

To enhance its therapeutic effects (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of studying the pharmacology of a sample in medicine and dentistry?

To ensure safe and effective use of the sample (C) Signup and view all the answers