Pharmacology I Exam 1: Fall 2024

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that is typically assessed when determining a patient's risk for drug interactions?

  • Occupation (correct)
  • History of liver disease
  • Age
  • Lifestyle

What is the primary purpose of measuring a patient's trough level of medication?

  • To ensure that the medication is not accumulating in the body to toxic levels (correct)
  • To assess the effectiveness of the medication over time
  • To monitor the rate of medication absorption
  • To determine the time it takes for the medication to reach peak concentration

Which of these resources would be the most helpful for finding information about the potential interactions between a dietary supplement and prescribed medications?

  • Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (correct)
  • Drug Interaction Facts
  • USP Dictionary of USAN & International Drug Names
  • United States Pharmacopoeia/National Formulary (USP NF)

What is the main purpose of a critical care pathway?

<p>To standardize and improve the quality of care for patients in critical care units (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are elderly patients at an increased risk for drug interactions and toxicity?

<p>They have a lower metabolic rate and slower drug clearance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should not be administered with tetracycline?

<p>Mylanta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step of the nursing process is being used when prior to the administration of a nephrotoxic drug, the nurse determines that the kidney lab data are within normal range?

<p>Assessment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which explanation by the nurse is most helpful when teaching an elderly patient with difficulty swallowing about medications?

<p>Tablets that are scored can be broken in half. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood level determines the lowest amount of medication present in the patient?

<p>Trough level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with nephrotoxic drugs?

<p>Kidney impairment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medication administration methods can be problematic for elderly patients with swallowing difficulties?

<p>Sublingual tablets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a nurse conduct a thorough assessment before administering a medication?

<p>Prior to the initial administration of a medication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nurse's primary source of information when obtaining a patient history?

<p>The patient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the ideal time for a nursing mother to take her own medications?

<p>Before the infant latches on to begin to breastfeed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of medications commonly causes allergic reactions in children?

<p>Antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes when two drugs compete for the same receptor site, resulting in increased activity of the first drug?

<p>Displacement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an appropriate interdependent nursing action?

<p>Assess lung sounds every 4 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a consequence of a nursing mother taking medication just before breastfeeding?

<p>Potential transfer of medication to the infant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with antibiotics in pediatrics?

<p>Rash (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug interaction involves one drug enhancing the effects of another?

<p>Synergism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In nursing practice, what is a vital aspect of taking a patient's history?

<p>Listening to the patient's account (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient statement indicates the need for further teaching about taking medications during pregnancy?

<p>I will limit my alcohol intake to only one glass of wine weekly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do drug blood levels indicate?

<p>They determine if the amount of drug in the body is in a therapeutic range. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which explanation indicates a characteristic of a nursing diagnosis?

<p>It focuses on impairments in patient structure. (C), It is based on patient's ability to function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about over-the-counter (OTC) drugs?

<p>They can be purchased without a prescription. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nursing diagnosis will be written when the patient exhibits factors that make him or her susceptible to the development of a problem?

<p>Risk diagnosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a physician's order specifies the percutaneous route for medication administration, which method will the nurse use?

<p>Topical application (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient would the nurse identify as having the lowest rate of absorption of enteral medications?

<p>A patient with a high gastric pH level. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended administration route and dosage for Demerol for pain management?

<p>50 mg intramuscularly every 4 hours PRN. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes a medical diagnosis?

<p>It primarily reflects laboratory findings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement indicates safe practices regarding herbal medicine use during pregnancy?

<p>Consulting a healthcare provider before using any herbal medicine is prudent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information primarily influences drug metabolism?

<p>Amount of concurrent medications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining drug absorption?

<p>The patient's opioid tolerance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the differentiating nature of a nursing diagnosis?

<p>It allows for personalized interventions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of encouraging a patient to express their feelings?

<p>To build a therapeutic relationship and enhance their emotional well-being. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nursing and medical diagnoses, which of the following is true?

<p>Medical diagnoses focus on disease pathophysiology. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a correct assessment regarding OTC medications?

<p>They are available under generic and brand names. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When documenting an administration of non-prescription medication, which is the most important detail to include?

<p>The patient's response to the medication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a nursing diagnosis change based on patient conditions?

<p>It can vary according to the progress of the patient. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily affects the route of drug administration?

<p>Patient's age and physical state (A), Type of drug formulation available (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Peak level

The highest concentration of a drug in the bloodstream after administration.

Trough level

The lowest concentration of a drug in the bloodstream before the next dose is given.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database

A resource that provides information on nutritional supplements and natural medicines.

Critical care pathway

A standardized care plan used in critical care settings based on best practices.

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Elderly drug interaction risk

Older adults are more vulnerable to drug interactions and toxicity due to physiological changes.

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Tetracycline interaction

Medication that should not be given with tetracycline.

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Nursing process step

Assessment is used to evaluate kidney lab data before drug administration.

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Enteric coated tablets

These cannot be crushed as it alters their effectiveness.

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Medication teaching for elderly

Explain that enteric coated tablets shouldn't be crushed.

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Lowest blood level

The minimum concentration of the drug in the bloodstream.

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Nephrotoxic drugs

Medications that can harm the kidneys and require monitoring.

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Compatibility of drugs

The ability of different medications to be taken together safely.

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Nursing Diagnosis

Identifies patient alterations in function and health.

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Medical Diagnosis

Identifies diseases based on medical conditions.

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OTC Drugs

Medications available for purchase without prescription.

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Percutaneous Route

Administration of medication through the skin.

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Drug Metabolism

The process by which drugs are chemically altered in the body.

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Assessing Patient Function

Evaluating a patient's ability to perform daily activities.

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Patient's State of Recovery

Varies based on individual's healing progress.

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Nursing Assessment Methods

Techniques used by nurses to evaluate patient health.

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Impacts on Drug Metabolism

Factors influencing how a drug is processed by the body.

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Statistical Significance

Determines if results are due to chance.

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Demerol dosage

Administer Demerol 50 mg IM every 4 hours PRN.

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Patient education

Educate patients about the prescribed medication for safety.

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Herbal medicines in pregnancy

Expectant mothers should avoid herbal medicines unless advised otherwise.

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Morning sickness remedies

Alternatives like crackers can relieve morning sickness without medication.

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Nonprescription medications

Avoid these medications until consulting a physician during pregnancy.

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Alcohol intake during pregnancy

Limit alcohol to minimal amounts, ideally none, during pregnancy.

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Drug blood levels

Indicate if drug levels in the body are therapeutic.

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Risk diagnosis

Written when patients show susceptibility to developing problems.

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Actual diagnosis vs Risk diagnosis

Actual diagnosis refers to confirmed issues, while risk diagnosis refers to potential issues.

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Absorption of enteral medications

Certain factors can affect the rate of absorption of these medications.

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Primary source of patient history

The most important source of information when obtaining a patient history is the patient themselves.

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Medication timing for nursing mothers

The ideal time for nursing mothers to take medications is before the infant latches on to breastfeed.

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Medications causing allergic reactions in children

Antibiotics are commonly associated with allergic reactions in children.

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Drug competition at receptor sites

Displacement is when two drugs compete for the same receptor site, increasing activity of the first drug.

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Synergistic effect

A synergistic effect occurs when two drugs work together to enhance each other's effects.

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Interdependent nursing action

An interdependent nursing action involves collaboration between nurses and other healthcare professionals for optimal patient care.

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Assessment frequency

Assessing lung sounds every 4 hours is an example of regular patient monitoring.

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Ideal medication schedule

The best medication schedule for nursing mothers considers both their needs and the infant's feeding schedule.

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Patient education importance

Educating patients about their medications helps ensure proper usage and adherence.

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Study Notes

Exam 1: Pharmacology I (Fall 2024)

  • Exam Details:
    • Instructor: AMI Exams
    • 1st Attempt: Sept 12, 2024, 7:09 PM
    • Time Limit: 1 hour 30 minutes
    • Start Date: Sept 12, 2024, 7:00 PM
    • End Date: Sept 12, 2024, 10:00 PM

My Performance

  • Pass Status: 8/40, 80th Percentile
  • Points Score: 51/60, 85%
  • Time Spent: 1 hour, 10 minutes, 4 seconds
  • Average Score: 61.3%
  • Median Score: 66.7%
  • Standard Deviation: 17
  • High Score: 95%
  • Average Time Spent: 57 seconds

Questions (Multiple Choice and Multiple Select)

  • Question 1 (Multiple Select): Factors influencing GI absorption of medications:

    • Stomach pH

    • Level of consciousness

    • Fever

    • Blood flow to gastric mucosa

    • Weight

    • Body surface area

    • Time Spent: 4 minutes, 43 seconds

  • Questions 2-17: Detail of questions, possible answers, and time spent for each.

    • Revise your study notes per the details of each question.
  • Question 2 (Multiple Choice): Life-threatening illness due to Aspirins (Salicylate) administration to patients under age 20. Reye's syndrome.

  • Question 3 (Multiple Choice): Drug reference containing monographs for drugs available in US. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference.

  • Question 4 (Multiple Choice): Assessment step in the nursing process. Collecting and communicating data.

  • Question 5 (Multiple Choice): Nursing process step used to evaluate the effectiveness of pain medication, Evaluation.

    • Detail of each question (2-32) is required for your own study notes (time spent for each question).
  • Question 10 (Multiple Choice):

    • Factors to determine mixing two drugs in the same syringe. Compatibility of the drugs.
  • Question 11 (Multiple Choice): Medication incompatible with Tetracycline. Ativan.

  • Question 12 (Multiple Choice): Nursing process step used to assess kidney lab data regarding nephrotoxic drugs. Assessment.

  • Question 13 (Multiple Choice): Teaching explanation for swallowing difficulty in elderly patients. Tablets that are scored can be broken in half.

  • Question 14 (Multiple Choice): Which blood level determines the lowest amount of medication present in a patient? Trough.

  • Question 15 (Multiple Choice): Patient reaction to drug for the first time. Anaphylaxis, Stop the medication and encourage the patient to wear a medical alert bracelet that explains the allergy.

  • Question 16 (Multiple Choice): Online drug reference for healthcare providers. DailyMed.

  • Question 17 (Multiple Select): Nurses actions when formulating a plan for a patient's needs. Make a clinical judgment about the patient, Set priorities, Collect data, Formulate nursing interventions, Develop measurable goals.

  • Question 18 (Multiple Choice): Term for an unusual reaction after a steroid dose. Idiosyncratic reaction.

  • Question 19 (Multiple Choice): Correct outcome statement for a patient. * Within the next 8 hours, urine output will be greater than 30 mL/hr.*

  • Question 20 (Multiple Choice): First priority when patient exhibits hives. Notify physician of allergic reaction.

  • Question 21 (Multiple Choice): Description of the nursing process planning phase. The patient will state the expected adverse effects of medication by the end of the teaching session.

  • Question 22 (Multiple Choice): Drug reference containing drug monographs describing all drugs in a therapeutic class. Martindale-The Complete Drug Reference.

  • Question 23 (Multiple Choice): Nurse's primary source for patient history. Patient record.

  • Question 24 (Multiple Choice): Ideal time for a nursing mother to take medication. As soon as the infant finishes breastfeeding.

  • Question 25 (Multiple Choice): Medication classification commonly causing allergic reactions in children. Analgesics.

  • Question 26 (Multiple Choice): Term for when two drugs compete at the same receptor. Synergistic effect.

  • Question 27 (Multiple Choice): Example of an interdependent nursing action. Educate the patient about the prescribed medication.

  • Question 28 (Multiple Choice): Indicates need for further teaching for pregnant mother. "I will not take herbal medicines during pregnancy."

    • Continue adding specifics about the questions to generate your study notes.
  • Questions 29-50: Provide similar detail for the remaining questions

  • Question 31 (Multiple Choice): Identify patient with the lowest rate for oral medication absorption. 85-year-old woman.

  • Question 32 (Multiple Select): Differences between medical diagnoses and nursing diagnoses.

  • Question 33 (Multiple Choice): Truth about OTC (over-the-counter drugs). They are sold without a prescription.

  • Question 34 (Multiple Choice): Percutaneous route for medication. Intramuscularly.

  • Question 35 (Multiple Choice): Assessment data with most effect on drug metabolism. History of liver disease.

  • Question 36 (Multiple Choice): Blood level to determine amount of circulating medication. Trough.

  • Question 37(Multiple Choice): Source of nutritional supplement information. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database.

  • Question 38 (Multiple Choice): Definition of critical care pathway. * standardized care plan derived from best practice patterns.*

  • Question 39 (Multiple Select): Risk factors for elderly patient drug interactions. Higher incidence of malnourishment, Increased use of multiple medications, Hepatic function is reduced, Issues with swallowing.

    • Continue with the details for the rest of the questions

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