Questions and Answers
Which of the following medications is used to manage symptoms associated with Cushing's syndrome?
What is a common suffix associated with steroid medications?
Which of these medications is an antihistamine used for allergy relief?
Which medication is classified as a proton pump inhibitor?
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What type of medication is Spironolactone?
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Which fluid is hypertonic and used to treat hyponatremia?
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Which of the following medications is primarily used for diabetes management in patients with Cushing's syndrome?
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Which medication is indicated for severe allergic reactions and functions as a bronchodilator?
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Which of these medications is a gastric acid reducer that belongs to the H2 receptor antagonist class?
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Which medication is primarily used as an immunosuppressant in transplant patients?
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What is the role of Ondansetron in medical treatment?
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Which of the following medications is an effective laxative for treating constipation?
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Which type of fluid is commonly used to treat hyponatremia?
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Which medication is classified as a steroid and is commonly prescribed for its anti-inflammatory properties?
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Which of the following medications is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)?
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Study Notes
Endocrine II
- Methimazole: Antithyroid medication used to treat hyperthyroidism.
- Levothyroxine: Synthetic thyroid hormone replacement for hypothyroidism.
- Desmopressin: Synthetic analog of vasopressin, used to treat diabetes insipidus and hemophilia A.
- Hypertonic 3% NaCl: Hypertonic saline solution for severe hyponatremia management.
- Spironolactone: A potassium-sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist.
- D5NS fluid: Dextrose 5% in normal saline, used for fluid resuscitation and electrolyte balance.
- Supportive medications for Cushing’s syndrome include:
- Insulin: Lowers blood sugar levels.
- Metformin: Improves insulin sensitivity, used in type 2 diabetes.
- Diuretics: Help manage hypertension and fluid overload.
- Beta blockers: Manage cardiovascular-related symptoms.
- Calcium channel blockers: Manage hypertension and certain arrhythmias.
- Steroids commonly end in -(s)one:
- Hydrocortisone: Corticosteroid for anti-inflammatory purposes.
- Fludrocortisone: Mineralocorticoid for adrenal insufficiency treatment.
- Prednisone: Corticosteroid for various inflammatory conditions.
- Prednisolone: Active form of prednisone, for similar indications.
- Methylprednisolone: Corticosteroid for severe allergic reactions and inflammation.
- Beclomethasone: Inhaled corticosteroid for asthma and COPD.
- Dexamethasone: Potent corticosteroid for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects.
- Cortisone: Precursor to cortisol, used as an anti-inflammatory.
- Fluticasone: Potent inhaled corticosteroid for respiratory conditions.
Immune+
- Cyclosporine: Immunosuppressant used post-organ transplantation, prevents rejection.
- Tacrolimus: Immunosuppressant, similar to cyclosporine, used in transplantation.
- Epinephrine: Emergency treatment for anaphylaxis, stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors.
- Methotrexate: Antimetabolite used in cancer and autoimmune diseases.
- Diphenhydramine: Antihistamine for allergic reactions and insomnia.
- Hydroxyzine: Antihistamine with anxiolytic properties.
- Loratadine: Non-drowsy antihistamine for allergies.
- Fexofenadine: Second-generation antihistamine for allergic symptoms.
- Cetirizine: Antihistamine effective for allergy relief, may cause drowsiness.
- Naproxen and sodium: NSAID for pain relief and inflammation.
- Ibuprofen: Common NSAID for pain, fever, and inflammation.
- Celecoxib: COX-2 selective NSAID for pain management with less gastrointestinal side effects.
- Acetaminophen: Analgesic and antipyretic, non-inflammatory properties.
- Aspirin: NSAID, also serves as an antiplatelet agent to prevent strokes and heart attacks.
- Acetylcysteine: Mucolytic agent and antidote for acetaminophen overdose.
GI
- Talicia: Combination antibiotic for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections.
- Famotidine: H2 antagonist reduces gastric acid secretion for peptic ulcer disease.
- Ranitidine: H2 antagonist, previously used for similar purposes as famotidine.
- Cimetidine: H2 antagonist, first in the class but less used due to side effects.
- Omeprazole: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for suppressing gastric acid production.
- Esomeprazole: S-isomer of omeprazole, used for similar indications.
- Pantoprazole: PPI effective in managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
- Lansoprazole: PPI, utilized for peptic ulcers and GERD.
- Calcium carbonate: Antacid for indigestion and gastric acid relief.
- Magnesium hydroxide: Antacid and laxative, used for constipation relief.
- Aluminum hydroxide: Antacid for gastric acid reduction.
- Sucralfate: Mucosal protective agent for peptic ulcers.
- Bismuth subsalicylate: Antidiarrheal and gastric protective properties.
- Psyllium: Soluble fiber used as a bulk-forming laxative.
- Docusate sodium: Stool softener to prevent constipation.
- Bisacodyl: Stimulant laxative for short-term constipation relief.
- Senna: Herbal laxative for effective bowel movement.
- Polyethylene glycol: Osmotic laxative for constipation.
- Mineral oil: Lubricant laxative for easier stool passage.
- Loperamide: Antidiarrheal agent, reduces bowel movements.
- Antiemetics include:
- Lorazepam: Benzodiazepine with antiemetic properties.
- Beclomethasone: Also used for antiemetic effects.
- Antihistamines: Effective in preventing motion sickness.
- Scopolamine: Anticholinergic for motion sickness prevention.
- Cannabis: Used for nausea relief and appetite stimulation in various conditions.
- Ondansetron: 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea.
- Metoclopramide: Promotes gastric motility, helps with nausea.
- Promethazine: Antihistamine with strong antiemetic effects.
- Hyoscyamine: Anticholinergic for gastrointestinal spasms and secretions.
Endocrine II
- Methimazole: Antithyroid medication used to treat hyperthyroidism.
- Levothyroxine: Synthetic thyroid hormone replacement for hypothyroidism.
- Desmopressin: Synthetic analog of vasopressin, used to treat diabetes insipidus and hemophilia A.
- Hypertonic 3% NaCl: Hypertonic saline solution for severe hyponatremia management.
- Spironolactone: A potassium-sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist.
- D5NS fluid: Dextrose 5% in normal saline, used for fluid resuscitation and electrolyte balance.
- Supportive medications for Cushing’s syndrome include:
- Insulin: Lowers blood sugar levels.
- Metformin: Improves insulin sensitivity, used in type 2 diabetes.
- Diuretics: Help manage hypertension and fluid overload.
- Beta blockers: Manage cardiovascular-related symptoms.
- Calcium channel blockers: Manage hypertension and certain arrhythmias.
- Steroids commonly end in -(s)one:
- Hydrocortisone: Corticosteroid for anti-inflammatory purposes.
- Fludrocortisone: Mineralocorticoid for adrenal insufficiency treatment.
- Prednisone: Corticosteroid for various inflammatory conditions.
- Prednisolone: Active form of prednisone, for similar indications.
- Methylprednisolone: Corticosteroid for severe allergic reactions and inflammation.
- Beclomethasone: Inhaled corticosteroid for asthma and COPD.
- Dexamethasone: Potent corticosteroid for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects.
- Cortisone: Precursor to cortisol, used as an anti-inflammatory.
- Fluticasone: Potent inhaled corticosteroid for respiratory conditions.
Immune+
- Cyclosporine: Immunosuppressant used post-organ transplantation, prevents rejection.
- Tacrolimus: Immunosuppressant, similar to cyclosporine, used in transplantation.
- Epinephrine: Emergency treatment for anaphylaxis, stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors.
- Methotrexate: Antimetabolite used in cancer and autoimmune diseases.
- Diphenhydramine: Antihistamine for allergic reactions and insomnia.
- Hydroxyzine: Antihistamine with anxiolytic properties.
- Loratadine: Non-drowsy antihistamine for allergies.
- Fexofenadine: Second-generation antihistamine for allergic symptoms.
- Cetirizine: Antihistamine effective for allergy relief, may cause drowsiness.
- Naproxen and sodium: NSAID for pain relief and inflammation.
- Ibuprofen: Common NSAID for pain, fever, and inflammation.
- Celecoxib: COX-2 selective NSAID for pain management with less gastrointestinal side effects.
- Acetaminophen: Analgesic and antipyretic, non-inflammatory properties.
- Aspirin: NSAID, also serves as an antiplatelet agent to prevent strokes and heart attacks.
- Acetylcysteine: Mucolytic agent and antidote for acetaminophen overdose.
GI
- Talicia: Combination antibiotic for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections.
- Famotidine: H2 antagonist reduces gastric acid secretion for peptic ulcer disease.
- Ranitidine: H2 antagonist, previously used for similar purposes as famotidine.
- Cimetidine: H2 antagonist, first in the class but less used due to side effects.
- Omeprazole: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for suppressing gastric acid production.
- Esomeprazole: S-isomer of omeprazole, used for similar indications.
- Pantoprazole: PPI effective in managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
- Lansoprazole: PPI, utilized for peptic ulcers and GERD.
- Calcium carbonate: Antacid for indigestion and gastric acid relief.
- Magnesium hydroxide: Antacid and laxative, used for constipation relief.
- Aluminum hydroxide: Antacid for gastric acid reduction.
- Sucralfate: Mucosal protective agent for peptic ulcers.
- Bismuth subsalicylate: Antidiarrheal and gastric protective properties.
- Psyllium: Soluble fiber used as a bulk-forming laxative.
- Docusate sodium: Stool softener to prevent constipation.
- Bisacodyl: Stimulant laxative for short-term constipation relief.
- Senna: Herbal laxative for effective bowel movement.
- Polyethylene glycol: Osmotic laxative for constipation.
- Mineral oil: Lubricant laxative for easier stool passage.
- Loperamide: Antidiarrheal agent, reduces bowel movements.
- Antiemetics include:
- Lorazepam: Benzodiazepine with antiemetic properties.
- Beclomethasone: Also used for antiemetic effects.
- Antihistamines: Effective in preventing motion sickness.
- Scopolamine: Anticholinergic for motion sickness prevention.
- Cannabis: Used for nausea relief and appetite stimulation in various conditions.
- Ondansetron: 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea.
- Metoclopramide: Promotes gastric motility, helps with nausea.
- Promethazine: Antihistamine with strong antiemetic effects.
- Hyoscyamine: Anticholinergic for gastrointestinal spasms and secretions.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key medications covered in Exam 3 of Pharmacology, particularly those related to the endocrine system. Test your knowledge on drugs such as Methimazole, Levothyroxine, and others commonly used for treating hormonal imbalances and conditions. Prepare and assess your understanding of these essential pharmacological agents.
