Pharmacology Exam Preparation
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are considered as toxic effect of Procainamide?

  • Tachycardia (correct)
  • Bradycardia (correct)
  • Raynaud's Type Arterial Insufficiency (correct)
  • Pharyngitis (correct)

Which of the following are examples of drug metabolism?

  • Conversion of hydrophobic drug to a hydrophilic drug (correct)
  • Conversion of a prodrug to the active form of the drug (correct)
  • Conversion of a toxic component of a drug to a non-toxic form (correct)
  • Conversion of active drugs to inactive drugs (correct)

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

  • Class IV cardioactive drugs are calcium channel blockers.
  • Class I cardioactive drugs are rapid potassium channel blockers. (correct)
  • Example of a class II cardioactive drug is Xylocaine. (correct)

Flashcards

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)

The analysis, assessment, and evaluation of drug concentrations in blood, serum, or plasma.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)

The primary biochemical pathway responsible for drug metabolism, involving a group of enzymes that catalyze oxidation, reduction, and other reactions.

Pharmacogenomics

The study of how genes influence an individual's response to drugs.

Pharmacokinetics

The relationship between the drug dose and the concentration of the drug in the blood.

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Pharmacodynamics

The branch of pharmacology that examines the effects of drugs on the body.

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Bioavailability

The percentage of an administered drug dose that reaches the bloodstream.

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Prodrug

A drug that is inactive when administered, but becomes active after metabolism.

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Drug metabolism

The process by which drugs are transformed into other compounds in the body.

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Class I Cardioactive Drugs

A class of drugs that block the rapid sodium channels in the heart, primarily used to treat atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia.

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Class II Cardioactive Drugs

A class of drugs that block beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, primarily used to treat hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias.

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Class III Cardioactive Drugs

A class of drugs that block potassium channels in the heart, primarily used to treat ventricular arrhythmias.

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Class IV Cardioactive Drugs

A class of drugs that block calcium channels in the heart, primarily used to treat hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias.

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Lithium

A drug used for treating bipolar disorders, also known as manic-depressive illness.

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Pyridostigmine

A drug that blocks the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, used to treat myasthenia gravis.

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Haloperidol

A drug used to treat acute schizophrenia.

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Dilantin

A drug used to treat seizures and convulsions, also known as Phenytoin.

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Depakene

A drug used to treat seizures, also known as Valproic Acid.

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Tegretol

A drug used to treat seizures, also known as Carbamazepine.

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Vancomycin

An antibiotic effective against gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.

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Pronestyl

A drug used to treat heart rhythm problems, also known as Procainamide.

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Verapamil

A drug that blocks calcium channels, used to treat hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias.

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Prozac

A drug used to treat anxiety and depression, also known as Fluoxetine.

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Cyclosporine

A drug used to prevent organ rejection after transplantation.

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Tacrolimus

A drug used to treat host-versus-graft rejection after transplantation.

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Sirolimus

A drug used to treat host-versus-graft rejection after transplantation.

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Mycophenolate mofetil

A drug used to treat host-versus-graft rejection after transplantation.

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Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A common analgesic (painkiller) and anti-inflammatory drug that can cause liver damage (hepatotoxicity) with overdose.

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Aspirin

A common analgesic (painkiller) and anti-inflammatory drug that can cause stomach irritation and bleeding.

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Timing of specimen collection

The most critical element in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM).

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Study Notes

Instructions for Exam

  • Read questions carefully and choose best answer
  • Avoid erasures/superimposition
  • Use black ballpoint pen only.
  • Incorrect use of format penalizes.

1. Exam Focus

  • Analysis, assessment, and evaluation of circulating concentrations of drugs.

2. Drug Testing

  • It involves the (biochemical pathway responsible for metabolism for drugs)
  • Drug testing is a testing method, including Toxicology
  • MFO system, MFA System, CYP 450, CYP 2D6, are all parts of drug testing/metabolism

3. Pharmacodynamics

  • Describes the relationship between drug concentration at the target site and the response of the tissues

4. Pharmacogenomics

  • Studies genes that affect performance of a drug in an individual
  • Includes pharmacogenomics and pharmacokinetics.

5. Pharmacokinetics

  • Describes the relationship between drug dose and blood levels
  • Explains the pharmacodynamics of drugs.
  • Includes drug absorption, distribution, and metabolism.

6. Therapeutic Range

  • Fraction of drug reaching the blood/plasma
  • Includes the Minimum effective concentration (MEC) and Maximum safe concentration (MSC)

7. Drug Absorption

  • Often involves reactions like oxidation or reduction
  • Includes passive diffusion, and other absorption methods

8. Drug Metabolism Processes

  • Includes conversion of active drugs to inactive form,
  • conversion of prodrug to an active form, converts a hydrophobic drug into a hydrophilic drug, and converts a drug to a nontoxic form.

9. Cardioactive Drug Classification

  • Quinidine and Lidocaine are cardioactive drugs.
  • Quinidine is not a rapid sodium channel blocker.
  • Lidocaine is a rapid sodium channel blocker.

10. Class IV Cardiac Drugs (Incorrect statements)

  • Class IV is incorrect
  • Example of a class II cardiac drug is Xylocaine or Xylocaine
  • Class I cardiac drugs are rapid potassium channel blockers.

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Prepare for your pharmacology exam with this comprehensive quiz covering drug testing, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenomics, and pharmacokinetics. Each question assesses your understanding of crucial concepts in drug metabolism and therapy. Sharpen your knowledge to excel in your pharmacology assessments.

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