Exam 4 NUR 334.docx

**Pharmacology Exam 4 Review** Stool softener causes water to absorb in the stool Hypotonic solution- used to treat hyponatremia Antiacids- neutralize acids, used for relieving of heart burn., 20-40 minutes, absorption may be affected when taken with other Psyllium -Helps reduce cholesterol leve...

**Pharmacology Exam 4 Review** Stool softener causes water to absorb in the stool Hypotonic solution- used to treat hyponatremia Antiacids- neutralize acids, used for relieving of heart burn., 20-40 minutes, absorption may be affected when taken with other Psyllium -Helps reduce cholesterol levels. Fluids must be increased when used. Takes several days to act. and it is the first line treatment as a laxative Emergency contraceptive -- choice is based on time frame intercourse occurred testosterone - may be used in palliative care in patients with breast cancer. As it shrinks the tumor. if you are using a patch you must rotate your sites Folic Acid- alcohol abuse, malabsorption d/o, and pregnancy are causes of a deficiency in this and you need supplementation. Sucralfate- Does not affect gastric acid secretion. it is used for peptic ulcer disease, and it coats reducing irritation and helping the gastric erosion heal Zofran- QT intervals and causes dysrhythmias. It\'s best given prior to the trigger. It isn\'t anti emetic. Nifedipine -- calcium channel blocker Isotonic -- no fluid shift, pains vascular expansion used for loss of GI fluids due to vomiting Conjugated estrogen- used for menopausal sx. Increases the risk of thrombophlebitis and blood clots. Use over the age of 35 increases the risk of experiencing side effects. Contraindication includes abnormal uterine bleeding. PPI-This inhibits the enzyme that generates gastric acid. Long term use increases the risk of fractures due to bone loss. And it may take several days to gain relief from sx 5-alpha reductase inhibitors- Treat BPH by shrinkage of enlarged prostate. It prevents the conversion of testosterone, reducing the DHT level by approximately 70%. Vitamin A - Night blindness. It can cause fetal malformations in taken and excessive quantities while pregnant. TPN- central line, Move from the refrigerator 30 minutes prior to administration. he said flood glucose every six hours Medroxyprogesterone - st john\'s wort can decrease the effectiveness and should not be taken with this smoking increases the risk of thrombolytic events Magnesium Sulfate- Can be used in preterm labor to delay the labor due to its effectiveness on smooth muscle. we must watch for overdose of in this medication which would include skin flushing sedation confusion increased thirst and muscle weakness IBD - Goal is to reduce the symptoms of active disease. Crystalloids- Fluid replacement drugs that contain electrolytes and other sub. like closely mimic the body\'s extra fluid extracellular fluids are maintained ringers is an example and used best for hypovolemic shock caused by fluid Sodium bicarbonate- Used to treat acidosis, adverse effect includes metabolic alkalosis which has signs and symptoms of decreased respiratory rate and irritability Potassium- Monitor IV site for burning and irritation never give IVP because they can cause cardiac arrest Oxytocin- Causes the uterus to become firm. it decreases uterine bleeding after childbirth helps with cervical dilation or induction of labor and the adverse effect is rapid painful contraction Sulfasalazine- This is used for UC colitis. use cautiously in severe apathetic and renal in Misoprostol- Used for the treatment of PUD, it inhibits gastric acid production and stimulates production of mucus. Estradiol- This is an oral contraceptive. Smoking increases from thromboembolic risk and should be avoided. barbiturates antifungals and anticonvulsants reduce the efficacy Methylnaltrexone - used to treat chronic constipation in patients with advanced cancer using opioids Hyperkalemia- Elimination of this is dependent on adequate kidney function, glucose and dextrose, calcium gluconate, polystyrene, sulfonate and dialysis are used to treat. Terbutaline use no more then 48 to 72 hours (about 3 days) as it can cause death to the fetus it is used to stop preterm labor and it is a tocolytic Hypertonic- Shifts fluid out of the sails into vascular space to expand. volume used for items including brain swelling and example is D5 normal saline HRT- risk as well as benefits are used to make the decision whether to use this or not risk includes a MI dementia and venous thromboembolism Colloids- plasma proteins that keep the fluid within the vessels dextran 40 is an example and if given too rapidly it can cause fluid overload used best for hypovelimic shock (burns) Bismuth - this is for diarrhea it binds to and absorbs toxins Norethindrone- photosensitivity can cause sunburn and sensitive skin clients pills should be taken around the same time every day to maintain efficacy Finasteride- Side effects include sexual dysfunction, weakness, impaired infertility, decreased libido. Used to treat BPH. Enteral feedings a concern is if a patient Receives enough water. Sildenafil -- contraindicated Use with nitrates due to hypotension. H2 receptor- Used to treat your dental ulcers and prevent their return. if taken with anti acids there absorption will be decreased Hypotonic Hyponatremia- Treatment includes 3% NA CL and you must monitor the levels depending upon how low they are Oral contraceptive- use of anticonvulsants and antibiotics can decrease their effectiveness