Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary use of Metoclopramide?
What is the primary use of Metoclopramide?
- Pain relief
- Prevents airway edema
- Treat Parkinson's disease
- Helps empty the stomach (correct)
Tardive dyskinesia is the most serious side effect of the medication Metoclopramide.
Tardive dyskinesia is the most serious side effect of the medication Metoclopramide.
True (A)
What type of medication is Montelukast and what is its mechanism of action?
What type of medication is Montelukast and what is its mechanism of action?
Leukotriene modifier; it prevents airway edema and inflammation.
Cyclooxygenase is blocked to control pain and prostaglandins by ______.
Cyclooxygenase is blocked to control pain and prostaglandins by ______.
Match the medications with their primary use:
Match the medications with their primary use:
Which medication should be avoided in patients allergic to soybeans?
Which medication should be avoided in patients allergic to soybeans?
Sulfamethoxazole is safe for use in pregnant women without any concerns.
Sulfamethoxazole is safe for use in pregnant women without any concerns.
The order of pharmacokinetics is ______, distribution, metabolism, excretion.
The order of pharmacokinetics is ______, distribution, metabolism, excretion.
Which of the following is used to treat fungal infections and is available in various forms including cream and oral?
Which of the following is used to treat fungal infections and is available in various forms including cream and oral?
Adverse effects can include hives, severe rash, and anaphylaxis.
Adverse effects can include hives, severe rash, and anaphylaxis.
What is the role of naloxone?
What is the role of naloxone?
This medication is known to treat gout and may take 1-3 weeks to lower uric acid levels: ________
This medication is known to treat gout and may take 1-3 weeks to lower uric acid levels: ________
Which medication may have its effectiveness decreased by steroid use and is classified as an NSAID?
Which medication may have its effectiveness decreased by steroid use and is classified as an NSAID?
Match the medication with its description:
Match the medication with its description:
Lactated Ringers is an isotonic solution that can cause major shifts between compartments.
Lactated Ringers is an isotonic solution that can cause major shifts between compartments.
What common side effects are associated with theophylline use?
What common side effects are associated with theophylline use?
What is a common adverse effect of antibiotics?
What is a common adverse effect of antibiotics?
Sildenafil is contraindicated with the concurrent use of nitroglycerin.
Sildenafil is contraindicated with the concurrent use of nitroglycerin.
What is the primary purpose of a loading dose?
What is the primary purpose of a loading dose?
The process of eliminating a substance from the body is called ___.
The process of eliminating a substance from the body is called ___.
Match the following medications to their primary use:
Match the following medications to their primary use:
Which medication is used for UTI treatment?
Which medication is used for UTI treatment?
Psyllium increases peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract.
Psyllium increases peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract.
What does TPN stand for?
What does TPN stand for?
The process of moving a substance from a site of administration to circulating body fluids is called ___.
The process of moving a substance from a site of administration to circulating body fluids is called ___.
Which of the following medications requires monitoring for renal function due to nephrotoxicity?
Which of the following medications requires monitoring for renal function due to nephrotoxicity?
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Study Notes
Side Effects and Conditions
- Nausea and itching are manageable side effects.
- End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) decreases drug excretion, increasing drug toxicity risk.
- Adverse effects can include hives, severe rash, and anaphylaxis.
- Antibiotics can cause foul-smelling diarrhea and reduce effectiveness of Estradiol.
Medications and Treatments
- Lactated Ringer's is a crystalloid isotonic fluid that won’t cause significant compartment shifts.
- Nystatin treats fungal infections and is available in multiple forms such as capsules and creams.
- Theophylline is used for asthma management; side effects include tachycardia and tremors.
- Ciproflaxacin, an antibiotic effective against anthrax, should be taken with or without food and avoid antacids.
- Albuterol is a short-acting beta agonist for acute bronchospasms with rapid onset relief.
Drug Mechanisms and Effects
- Aspirin, an NSAID, effectiveness is reduced by steroids.
- Potassium should be delivered intravenously at specific rates and concentrations.
- Naloxone is the treatment for opiate overdose, with respiratory depression as the first sign.
- Metronidazole side effects include GI upset and dry mouth.
- Fluticasone, a long-acting corticosteroid, may cause oral candidiasis and requires mouth rinsing afterward.
Pharmacokinetics and Administration
- Pharmacokinetics encompasses absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
- First pass effect refers to drug metabolism in the liver before systemic circulation.
- A loading dose achieves therapeutic concentration rapidly.
- Medications like intravenous valproate require monitoring for renal function due to nephrotoxicity concerns.
Special Considerations
- Avoid oral medications if bowel sounds are absent.
- Ipratropium is contraindicated for individuals allergic to soy or peanuts.
- Montelukast, a leukotriene modifier, has a rare but serious side effect of suicidal thoughts.
- Finasteride promotes prostate shrinkage within 6-12 months; lack of change prompts further evaluation.
Miscellaneous Facts
- Antiretrovirals are used for HIV treatment, employing 2-3 medications to prevent resistance.
- Bacteriostatic medications prevent bacterial growth while bactericidal kills bacteria.
- Ondansetron is used as an antiemetic given prior to triggers.
- Tricyclic antidepressants may have multiple side effects and are second-line treatments.
- Codeine acts as a CNS depressant and can lead to concerns when combined with other opioids.
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