Pharmacology Quiz: Drug Effects and Interactions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary use of Metoclopramide?

  • Pain relief
  • Prevents airway edema
  • Treat Parkinson's disease
  • Helps empty the stomach (correct)

    • Tardive dyskinesia is the most serious side effect of the medication Metoclopramide.

    True

    What type of medication is Montelukast and what is its mechanism of action?

    Leukotriene modifier; it prevents airway edema and inflammation.

    Cyclooxygenase is blocked to control pain and prostaglandins by ______.

    <p>NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the medications with their primary use:

    <p>Ondansetron = Antiemetic Finasteride = Enlarged prostate treatment Loperamide = Antidiarrheal Ipratropium = Bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be avoided in patients allergic to soybeans?

    <p>Ipratropium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sulfamethoxazole is safe for use in pregnant women without any concerns.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The order of pharmacokinetics is ______, distribution, metabolism, excretion.

    <p>absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is used to treat fungal infections and is available in various forms including cream and oral?

    <p>Nystatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adverse effects can include hives, severe rash, and anaphylaxis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of naloxone?

    <p>To treat opiate overdose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This medication is known to treat gout and may take 1-3 weeks to lower uric acid levels: ________

    <p>Allopurinol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication may have its effectiveness decreased by steroid use and is classified as an NSAID?

    <p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the medication with its description:

    <p>Theophylline = Used for asthma Ciprofloxacin = Antibiotic used to treat anthrax Omeprazole = Treats peptic ulcer disease Oxytocin = Used to stimulate labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactated Ringers is an isotonic solution that can cause major shifts between compartments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common side effects are associated with theophylline use?

    <p>Tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations, tremors, nervousness, insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of antibiotics?

    <p>Foul smelling diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sildenafil is contraindicated with the concurrent use of nitroglycerin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a loading dose?

    <p>To rapidly achieve therapeutic concentration in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of eliminating a substance from the body is called ___.

    <p>excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following medications to their primary use:

    <p>Vancomycin = Treats MRSA Fluticasone = Long acting inhaled corticosteroid Codeine = Cough suppressant Ibuprofen = Pain relief and anti-inflammatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used for UTI treatment?

    <p>Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psyllium increases peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does TPN stand for?

    <p>Total Parenteral Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of moving a substance from a site of administration to circulating body fluids is called ___.

    <p>absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications requires monitoring for renal function due to nephrotoxicity?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Side Effects and Conditions

    • Nausea and itching are manageable side effects.
    • End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) decreases drug excretion, increasing drug toxicity risk.
    • Adverse effects can include hives, severe rash, and anaphylaxis.
    • Antibiotics can cause foul-smelling diarrhea and reduce effectiveness of Estradiol.

    Medications and Treatments

    • Lactated Ringer's is a crystalloid isotonic fluid that won’t cause significant compartment shifts.
    • Nystatin treats fungal infections and is available in multiple forms such as capsules and creams.
    • Theophylline is used for asthma management; side effects include tachycardia and tremors.
    • Ciproflaxacin, an antibiotic effective against anthrax, should be taken with or without food and avoid antacids.
    • Albuterol is a short-acting beta agonist for acute bronchospasms with rapid onset relief.

    Drug Mechanisms and Effects

    • Aspirin, an NSAID, effectiveness is reduced by steroids.
    • Potassium should be delivered intravenously at specific rates and concentrations.
    • Naloxone is the treatment for opiate overdose, with respiratory depression as the first sign.
    • Metronidazole side effects include GI upset and dry mouth.
    • Fluticasone, a long-acting corticosteroid, may cause oral candidiasis and requires mouth rinsing afterward.

    Pharmacokinetics and Administration

    • Pharmacokinetics encompasses absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
    • First pass effect refers to drug metabolism in the liver before systemic circulation.
    • A loading dose achieves therapeutic concentration rapidly.
    • Medications like intravenous valproate require monitoring for renal function due to nephrotoxicity concerns.

    Special Considerations

    • Avoid oral medications if bowel sounds are absent.
    • Ipratropium is contraindicated for individuals allergic to soy or peanuts.
    • Montelukast, a leukotriene modifier, has a rare but serious side effect of suicidal thoughts.
    • Finasteride promotes prostate shrinkage within 6-12 months; lack of change prompts further evaluation.

    Miscellaneous Facts

    • Antiretrovirals are used for HIV treatment, employing 2-3 medications to prevent resistance.
    • Bacteriostatic medications prevent bacterial growth while bactericidal kills bacteria.
    • Ondansetron is used as an antiemetic given prior to triggers.
    • Tricyclic antidepressants may have multiple side effects and are second-line treatments.
    • Codeine acts as a CNS depressant and can lead to concerns when combined with other opioids.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the effects and interactions of various medications including Morphine and Antibiotics. This quiz covers key pharmacological principles such as vasodilatation, adverse effects, and dietary recommendations. Understand the implications of concurrent use with CNS depressants and other critical factors in medication management.

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