Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a parenteral route of administration?
Which of the following is NOT a parenteral route of administration?
What is the primary difference between the enteral and parenteral routes of administration?
What is the primary difference between the enteral and parenteral routes of administration?
Which of these dosage forms is NOT typically associated with the enteral route of administration?
Which of these dosage forms is NOT typically associated with the enteral route of administration?
What does the pharmacokinetic phase of drug action primarily focus on?
What does the pharmacokinetic phase of drug action primarily focus on?
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Which route of administration utilizes a patch applied to the skin?
Which route of administration utilizes a patch applied to the skin?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the pharmacokinetic phase?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the pharmacokinetic phase?
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What is the primary function of the liver in pharmacokinetics?
What is the primary function of the liver in pharmacokinetics?
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What does the L/T ratio quantify?
What does the L/T ratio quantify?
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Which of the following factors can increase the L/T ratio?
Which of the following factors can increase the L/T ratio?
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What is the primary difference between a drug agonist and a drug antagonist?
What is the primary difference between a drug agonist and a drug antagonist?
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Which of these scenarios describes an example of synergism in drug interactions?
Which of these scenarios describes an example of synergism in drug interactions?
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Which of these is a TRUE statement about the pharmacodynamic phase?
Which of these is a TRUE statement about the pharmacodynamic phase?
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Which of these is NOT an example of a potential drug interaction?
Which of these is NOT an example of a potential drug interaction?
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Flashcards
Routes of Administration
Routes of Administration
The pathways for a drug to enter the body, like oral or injectable.
Enteral
Enteral
A route where drugs are administered through the GI tract, like tablets and capsules.
Parenteral
Parenteral
Drug administration by methods other than the intestines, primarily via injection.
Transdermal
Transdermal
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Pharmacokinetic Phase
Pharmacokinetic Phase
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Absorption
Absorption
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Distribution
Distribution
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Metabolism
Metabolism
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Elimination
Elimination
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Local Effects
Local Effects
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Systemic Effects
Systemic Effects
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L/T Ratio
L/T Ratio
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Study Notes
Drug Administration Routes
- Routes of administration define the entry point of a drug into the body (e.g., oral, injectable, inhalation).
- Enteral routes use the gastrointestinal tract (GI). Examples include tablets, capsules, suppositories, elixirs, and suspensions.
- Parenteral routes administer drugs outside the GI tract. Common methods are intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), intrathoracic (IT), intraosseous (IO).
- Transdermal routes use patches or pastes to deliver drugs through the skin.
- Inhalation routes introduce drugs in gas, mist, aerosol, or dust form.
- Topical routes apply drugs as powders, lotions, or ointments directly to the affected area.
Drug Dosage Forms
- Drug dosage form describes the physical state of the drug and associated non-drug components.
- Examples include tablets, capsules, and solutions.
Pharmacokinetic Phase
- Pharmacokinetic phase describes the drug's time course and disposition in the body, focusing on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
- Absorption: How drugs enter the bloodstream.
- Distribution: Drug movement to sites of action, elimination, or storage.
- Metabolism: Drug transformation (often in the liver) into active forms.
- Elimination: Removal of the drug from the body (often by the kidneys).
Local vs. Systemic Effects
- Local effects target a specific area.
- Systemic effects circulate throughout the body.
L/T Ratio
- L/T ratio (Lung/Total) represents the proportion of drug reaching the lungs compared to systemic availability (via all routes).
- Formula: Lung dose / (Lung dose + GI dose).
- Factors increasing the L/T ratio include efficient delivery devices, inhaled drugs with high first-pass metabolism, and mouth rinsing/spitting.
Pharmacodynamic Phase
- Pharmacodynamic phase describes how drugs act on the body—the drug's mechanism and effect on body systems.
Structure-Activity Relationships
- Structure-activity relationships explore the connection between a drug's chemical structure and its effect on the body.
Drug Receptor Interactions
- Receptor: A cell component that combines with a drug, affecting or enhancing the cell's function.
- Agonist: Drug that binds to a receptor and initiates a response.
- Antagonist: Drug that binds to a receptor but does NOT elicit a response; it blocks the receptor.
Drug Interactions
- Synergism: Combined drug effects exceeding the sum of their individual effects.
- Additivity: Two drugs with similar actions produce combined effects equal to their individual effects.
- Potentiation: One drug with no effect enhances the action of another.
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Description
This quiz covers the various routes of drug administration, including enteral, parenteral, transdermal, inhalation, and topical methods. It also discusses different drug dosage forms and the pharmacokinetic phase of medications. Test your knowledge on these essential pharmacological concepts.
