Drug Administration Routes and Dosage Forms
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are considered enteral routes of drug administration?

  • Oral (correct)
  • Inhalation
  • IV
  • Transdermal

    • What is the term for drug administration that utilizes a patch applied to the skin?

  • Parenteral
  • Transdermal (correct)
  • Inhalation
  • Enteral

    • Which of the following is NOT a parenteral route of drug administration?

  • Oral (correct)
  • SC
  • IV
  • IM

    • What does the term 'pharmacokinetic phase' encompass?

    <p>The process of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of a drug dosage form?

    <p>Tablet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'IM' stand for in the context of drug administration?

    <p>Intramuscular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration involves delivering drugs directly into the bloodstream?

    <p>IV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common example of a drug dosage form?

    <p>Inhalation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration delivers drugs through the lungs?

    <p>Inhalation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction between enteral and parenteral drug administration?

    <p>Enteral drugs use the gastrointestinal tract, while parenteral drugs avoid it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can increase the L/T ratio?

    <p>Efficient delivery devices (C), Use of a nebulizer device (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between local and systemic effects?

    <p>Local effects target a specific area of the body, while systemic effects affect the entire body through the bloodstream. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the pharmacodynamic phase of drug action?

    <p>To determine how the drug interacts with the body's cells and systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an agonist?

    <p>A drug that binds to a receptor and triggers a cellular response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug interaction occurs when two drugs combined produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects?

    <p>Synergism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many milliliters are in one fluid ounce?

    <p>30 mL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you convert from milligrams (mg) to grams (g)?

    <p>Move the decimal point three places to the left. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation "BID" stand for in medication delivery?

    <p>Twice a day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct metric conversion from 1000 micrograms (µg) to milligrams (mg)?

    <p>1 mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the pharmacokinetic phase?

    <p>Receptor binding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Routes of Administration

    The portal of entry for a drug into the body, such as oral or injectable.

    Enteral Administration

    Drug administration using the intestine, primarily through the GI tract.

    Parenteral Administration

    Drug administration by any method other than the intestine, often via injection.

    IV (Intravenous)

    Administration of a drug directly into the bloodstream.

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    IM (Intramuscular)

    Administration of a drug into a muscle.

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    Transdermal

    Drug delivery through the skin using patches or pastes.

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    Inhalation

    Taking substances into the body via breathing, generally in gas form.

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    Topical Administration

    Application of drugs directly onto the skin's surface.

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    Drug Dosage Form

    The physical state of the drug combined with non-drug components.

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    Pharmacokinetic Phase

    The study of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated in the body.

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    Absorption

    How a drug reaches the bloodstream after administration.

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    Distribution

    The process by which a drug is transported to its sites of action or storage.

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    Metabolism

    The biotransformation of a drug, primarily in the liver, into its active forms.

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    Elimination

    The process of removing a drug from the body, primarily through the kidneys.

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    L/T Ratio

    The proportion of drug available from the lung compared to total systemic availability.

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    Local Effects

    Drug effects that occur in a specific area of the body.

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    Systemic Effects

    Drug effects that are distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream.

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    Receptor

    A cell component that binds with a drug to trigger cellular changes.

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    Dosage Schedule

    A plan that specifies the timing and amount of medication to be administered.

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    Study Notes

    Drug Administration Routes

    • Routes of administration: The entry point for a drug into the body (e.g., oral, injectable, inhalation).
    • Enteral: Drugs administered through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Examples include tablets, capsules, suppositories, elixirs, and suspensions.
    • Parenteral: Drugs administered by any route other than the GI tract. This includes:
      • IV (intravenous): Directly into a vein
      • IM (intramuscular): Into a muscle
      • SC (subcutaneous): Under the skin
      • IO (intraosseous): Into the bone marrow
      • IT (intrathoracic): Into the chest cavity
    • Transdermal: Application of a drug using a patch or paste on the skin.
    • Inhalation: Breathing in a drug in gas, aerosol, or other forms.
    • Topical: Application of a drug directly to a body surface, using forms like powders, lotions, or ointments.

    Drug Dosage Forms

    • Drug dosage form: The physical state of a drug along with non-drug components. Examples include tablets, capsules, solutions.

    Pharmacokinetic Phase

    • Pharmacokinetic Phase: The process of how a drug enters, moves, and leaves the body. Factors include absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.

    Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination

    • Absorption: How the drug enters the bloodstream.
    • Distribution: How the drug travels to its target, is eliminated, or stored.
    • Metabolism (Liver): The body's transformation of the drug into a usable form.
    • Elimination (Kidney): How the drug is removed from the body. Often expressed as plasma clearance.

    Local vs. Systemic Effects

    • Local effects: Drug actions limited to a specific area.
    • Systemic effects: Drug actions throughout the body.

    L/T Ratio

    • L/T Ratio: The proportion of drug reaching the lungs versus the total systemic availability. Formula: (Lung dose) / (Lung dose + GI dose)
    • Factors increasing L/T Ratio:
      • Effective drug delivery devices
      • Drugs with high first-pass metabolism
      • Mouth rinsing/spitting
      • Proper use of reservoir devices

    Pharmacodynamic Phase

    • Pharmacodynamic Phase: How a drug affects the body. Focuses on the drug's mechanism of action and what it does to the body.

    Structure-Activity Relationship

    • Structure-Activity Relationship: The link between a drug's chemical structure and its effects on the body.

    Receptor Interaction

    • Receptor: A cell component that interacts with a drug to alter cell function.
    • Agonist: A chemical that binds to a receptor and produces a response.
    • Antagonist: A chemical that binds to a receptor but does not elicit a response; it blocks the action of other chemicals.

    Drug Interactions

    • Synergism: Combined drug effects are greater than the sum of individual effects.
    • Additivity: Combined effects are the linear sum of individual effects.
    • Potentiation: One drug doesn't have an effect in itself, but increases the effect of another.

    Metric System Conversions

    • Length, Volume, Mass: The metric system uses prefixes for larger and smaller units (e.g., kilo-, centi-).
    • Conversion: Moving the decimal point to the left for larger units, or right for smaller units, based on the prefix.

    Household Measurement Conversions

    • Drops: 16 drops = 1 mL
    • Teaspoon: 1 teaspoon = 5 mL = 60 drops
    • Tablespoon: 1 tablespoon = 15 mL = 3 teaspoons
    • Fluid ounce: 1 fluid ounce = 30 mL, 8 fluid ounces = 240 mL (1 cup)

    Dosage Schedules

    • Dosage Schedule: Defined doses for specific time intervals, often based on body weight.

    Medication Delivery Frequency Abbreviations

    • ā: before
    • p̄: after
    • Q or q: every
    • HR or hr or h: hour
    • BID: twice a day
    • TID: three times a day
    • QID: four times a day
    • q2h: every 2 hours
    • q4h: every 4 hours
    • q6h: every 6 hours
    • STAT: immediately (time critical)
    • PRN: as needed
    • QD: daily (less common today)

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    Description

    This quiz explores the various routes of drug administration, including enteral, parenteral, transdermal, inhalation, and topical methods. Additionally, it covers different drug dosage forms, emphasizing the importance of understanding how drugs enter the body and their physical states. Test your knowledge on pharmacological concepts with this informative quiz!

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