Questions and Answers
Why is a drug substance incorporated into various dosage forms for administration by alternative routes?
To maximize therapeutic response
What are the different routes of drug administration?
Oral route, Buccal, Sublingual, Respiratory Route, Nasal, Topical Route, Ocular, Parenteral Route, Rectal Route, Vaginal
What are the advantages of using the oral route of drug administration?
Simplicity, Most convenient, Safest mean of drug administration
How does the oral route of drug administration work?
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What are the disadvantages of the oral route of drug administration?
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What are the most popular oral dosage forms?
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What are the sublingual and buccal routes of drug administration?
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What are the differences between the sublingual and buccal routes of drug administration?
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What are the general advantages of the sublingual and buccal routes of drug administration?
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What are the advantages of the sublingual route of drug administration?
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What are the advantages of the buccal route of drug administration?
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What are the disadvantages of the buccal route of drug administration?
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What are the dosage forms for sublingual and buccal use?
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What is the respiratory route of drug administration?
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What are the advantages of using the respiratory route?
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What is an aerosol?
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What is the deposition of a drug/aerosol in the airways dependent on?
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Why is the particle/droplet size of an aerosol a key factor for inhalation?
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Study Notes
Routes of Drug Administration
- Drugs are formulated in various dosage forms to optimize therapeutic responses.
Dosage Forms and Administration Routes
- Numerous dosage forms exist for different routes of drug administration.
Different Routes of Drug Administration
- Oral (Buccal/Sublingual)
- Respiratory
- Nasal
- Topical
- Ocular
- Parenteral
- Rectal
- Vaginal
Oral Route Advantages
- Most commonly used route.
- Simple and convenient for patients.
- Considered the safest way to administer drugs.
Oral Drug Absorption
- Drugs are absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract's mucosa and epithelial tissues.
Oral Route Disadvantages
- Slow onset of drug action.
- Risk of irregular absorption rates.
- Potential for drug destruction by gastrointestinal enzymes and secretions.
Popular Oral Dosage Forms
- Tablets, capsules, suspensions, solutions, emulsions.
Sublingual and Buccal Administration
- Drugs are placed under the tongue (sublingual) or in the cheek pouch (buccal).
Sublingual vs. Buccal Routes
- Sublingual mucosa is more permeable due to increased vascularization, leading to quicker action.
- Sublingual route is less suitable for systemic trans-mucosal drug administration due to saliva washout.
Advantages of Sublingual and Buccal Routes
- Non-invasive, well-accepted, convenient for patients.
- Avoids first-pass metabolism by the liver.
- Can be administered to unconscious patients.
Advantages of Sublingual Route
- Fast drug action due to higher mucosal permeability.
- Allows for localized drug effects.
Advantages of Buccal Route
- Provides both local and systemic effects.
- Beneficial for proteins and peptides due to prolonged retention in the mouth.
Disadvantages of Buccal Route
- Low drug bioavailability because of limited permeability through the buccal mucosa.
Dosage Forms for Sublingual and Buccal Use
- Rapidly disintegrating or bioadhesive tablets.
- Soft gelatin capsules containing liquid drugs.
Respiratory Route Explanation
- Involves delivery of drugs as aerosols/gases for lung inhalation, commonly for airway diseases (e.g., asthma, cystic fibrosis).
Advantages of Respiratory Route
- Large lung surface area promotes drug absorption.
- Targets specific sites for rapid action.
- Reduces required drug dosage and overall costs.
- Minimizes first-pass metabolism effects.
Aerosol Definition
- A two-phase system of solid particles or liquid droplets dispersed in gases, designed for stable suspension.
Factors Influencing Drug Deposition in Airways
- Deposition depends on drug properties, formulation, delivery device, and patient-specific variables (e.g., breathing patterns).
Importance of Aerosol Particle Size
- Particles <5-6 micrometers reach peripheral lung regions; those 0.5-1 micrometer reach alveoli.
- Larger particles are either exhaled or deposit in larger airways.
- Mucociliary action clears deposits from upper respiratory pathways, impacting drug availability.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the various routes of drug administration and their corresponding dosage forms. This quiz covers the importance of different administration methods to maximize therapeutic efficacy. Ideal for students in pharmacology or nursing courses.
