Podcast
Questions and Answers
[Blank] is the branch of medical sciences concerned with the study of the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs.
[Blank] is the branch of medical sciences concerned with the study of the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs.
Pharmacology
A ______ is any natural, synthetic, or endogenous molecule that can exert a physiological and/or biochemical effect on a cell, tissue, organ, or whole organism.
A ______ is any natural, synthetic, or endogenous molecule that can exert a physiological and/or biochemical effect on a cell, tissue, organ, or whole organism.
drug
Drugs, also called medication or medicine, are used for treating, curing, preventing, or ______ a disease, or to promote health and well-being.
Drugs, also called medication or medicine, are used for treating, curing, preventing, or ______ a disease, or to promote health and well-being.
diagnosing
The interactions of a drug with a biological system, or the body, are ______; the drug interacts with the body, and the body also interacts with the drug.
The interactions of a drug with a biological system, or the body, are ______; the drug interacts with the body, and the body also interacts with the drug.
Substances derived from plants and animals have been sources of pharmacologically active compounds used to treat disease since early human ______.
Substances derived from plants and animals have been sources of pharmacologically active compounds used to treat disease since early human ______.
Molecules not synthesized in the body are called ______, derived from the Greek word xenos, meaning 'stranger'.
Molecules not synthesized in the body are called ______, derived from the Greek word xenos, meaning 'stranger'.
[Blank] are drugs that almost exclusively have harmful effects.
[Blank] are drugs that almost exclusively have harmful effects.
The term pharmacology is derived from the Greek words pharmakon, meaning a drug or ______, and logos, meaning a word or discourse.
The term pharmacology is derived from the Greek words pharmakon, meaning a drug or ______, and logos, meaning a word or discourse.
[Blank] is the degree to which a drug acts on a given site relative to other sites; it relates largely to physicochemical binding of the drug to cellular receptors.
[Blank] is the degree to which a drug acts on a given site relative to other sites; it relates largely to physicochemical binding of the drug to cellular receptors.
A drug's ability to affect a given receptor is related to the drug's ______ (probability of the drug occupying a receptor at any given instant) and intrinsic efficacy or activity.
A drug's ability to affect a given receptor is related to the drug's ______ (probability of the drug occupying a receptor at any given instant) and intrinsic efficacy or activity.
The pharmacologic effect is determined by the duration of time that the ______ persists (residence time).
The pharmacologic effect is determined by the duration of time that the ______ persists (residence time).
The lifetime of the drug-receptor complex is affected by ______ (conformational changes) that control the rate of drug association and dissociation from the target.
The lifetime of the drug-receptor complex is affected by ______ (conformational changes) that control the rate of drug association and dissociation from the target.
The ability of a drug to bind to a receptor is influenced by ______ as well as by intracellular regulatory mechanisms.
The ability of a drug to bind to a receptor is influenced by ______ as well as by intracellular regulatory mechanisms.
Receptor ______ affects adaptation to drugs (eg, desensitization, tachyphylaxis, tolerance, acquired resistance, postwithdrawal supersensitivity).
Receptor ______ affects adaptation to drugs (eg, desensitization, tachyphylaxis, tolerance, acquired resistance, postwithdrawal supersensitivity).
Ligands bind to precise molecular regions, called ______, on receptor macromolecules.
Ligands bind to precise molecular regions, called ______, on receptor macromolecules.
A drug's affinity and activity are determined by its ______.
A drug's affinity and activity are determined by its ______.
Drugs that bind to molecular sites not designated as receptors, such as plasma proteins, undergo ______ drug binding.
Drugs that bind to molecular sites not designated as receptors, such as plasma proteins, undergo ______ drug binding.
[Blank] agonists bind to a different or adjacent site on the receptor.
[Blank] agonists bind to a different or adjacent site on the receptor.
[Blank] agonists stabilize the receptor in its inactive conformation.
[Blank] agonists stabilize the receptor in its inactive conformation.
If a substance normally decreases cellular function, an antagonist will ______ cellular function.
If a substance normally decreases cellular function, an antagonist will ______ cellular function.
[Blank] antagonists form a stable, permanent bond with the receptor.
[Blank] antagonists form a stable, permanent bond with the receptor.
[Blank] antagonists slowly dissociate from their receptor.
[Blank] antagonists slowly dissociate from their receptor.
In ______ antagonism, the agonist and antagonist can bind simultaneously, but the antagonist reduces or prevents the agonist's action.
In ______ antagonism, the agonist and antagonist can bind simultaneously, but the antagonist reduces or prevents the agonist's action.
In reversible competitive antagonism, increasing the concentration of the ______ can overcome the antagonism.
In reversible competitive antagonism, increasing the concentration of the ______ can overcome the antagonism.
Using the topical route, a cream like ______ can be applied to the lips for treating herpes labialis.
Using the topical route, a cream like ______ can be applied to the lips for treating herpes labialis.
For sterilization of the gut before surgery, a tablet that is not absorbed, such as ______, can administered via the GI tract.
For sterilization of the gut before surgery, a tablet that is not absorbed, such as ______, can administered via the GI tract.
A retention ______ involves injecting a solution into the rectum and holding for a specific period of time, such the the use of methylprednisolone in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
A retention ______ involves injecting a solution into the rectum and holding for a specific period of time, such the the use of methylprednisolone in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
For evacuation of bowels, a suppository containing ______ can be administered in solid form into the rectum.
For evacuation of bowels, a suppository containing ______ can be administered in solid form into the rectum.
For bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, medications like salbutamol and ______ bromide can be administered via inhalation.
For bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, medications like salbutamol and ______ bromide can be administered via inhalation.
For cutaneous candidiasis antifungal, such as ______, can be used as an ointment, cream, lotion or powder.
For cutaneous candidiasis antifungal, such as ______, can be used as an ointment, cream, lotion or powder.
To treat malignancy involving limbs, some anticancer drugs can be administered via the ______ route.
To treat malignancy involving limbs, some anticancer drugs can be administered via the ______ route.
In rheumatoid arthritis, ______ can be directly injected into the joint space.
In rheumatoid arthritis, ______ can be directly injected into the joint space.
In facilitated passive diffusion, a ______ in the membrane combines reversibly with the substrate molecule.
In facilitated passive diffusion, a ______ in the membrane combines reversibly with the substrate molecule.
Unlike passive diffusion, active transport can move substances against their ______.
Unlike passive diffusion, active transport can move substances against their ______.
The family of ATP-dependent proteins are included in ______ transports.
The family of ATP-dependent proteins are included in ______ transports.
If drug concentration is high enough to saturate carrier mechanism, kinetics are ______.
If drug concentration is high enough to saturate carrier mechanism, kinetics are ______.
In pinocytosis, the cell membrane invaginates, encloses fluid or particles, then fuses again forming a ______.
In pinocytosis, the cell membrane invaginates, encloses fluid or particles, then fuses again forming a ______.
The ______ of a drug predicts its movement and availability at sites of action.
The ______ of a drug predicts its movement and availability at sites of action.
Facilitated passive diffusion is a ______ transport system.
Facilitated passive diffusion is a ______ transport system.
The process of engulfing fluid or particles by a cell is called ______.
The process of engulfing fluid or particles by a cell is called ______.
A potential drug's effect results in a ______ benefit to the patient.
A potential drug's effect results in a ______ benefit to the patient.
Drug design involves creating molecules that are complementary in shape and ______ to the target biomolecule.
Drug design involves creating molecules that are complementary in shape and ______ to the target biomolecule.
The molecule that either activates or inhibits a biological target is a ______.
The molecule that either activates or inhibits a biological target is a ______.
When computer-based modeling is used in drug design, it is referred to as ______-aided drug design.
When computer-based modeling is used in drug design, it is referred to as ______-aided drug design.
Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the biological target is known as ______-based drug design.
Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the biological target is known as ______-based drug design.
Adhering to standards of maintenance and care is needed when using ______ for research and teaching.
Adhering to standards of maintenance and care is needed when using ______ for research and teaching.
[Blank] ethics are important when using ______s for pre-clinical testing.
[Blank] ethics are important when using ______s for pre-clinical testing.
Following the principles of good ______ practice is important in the conduct of experiments.
Following the principles of good ______ practice is important in the conduct of experiments.
Flashcards
Pharmacology
Pharmacology
The branch of medical science concerned with the study of the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs.
Drug
Drug
Any natural, synthetic, or endogenous molecule that can exert a physiological and/or biochemical effect on a cell, tissue, organ, or whole organism.
Xenobiotic
Xenobiotic
A drug or chemical substance that is foreign to the body and not produced by the body itself.
Poisons
Poisons
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Pharmakon
Pharmakon
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Logos
Logos
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Drug-Body Interactions
Drug-Body Interactions
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Xenobiotics
Xenobiotics
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Selectivity
Selectivity
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Drug Affinity
Drug Affinity
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Intrinsic Efficacy (Activity)
Intrinsic Efficacy (Activity)
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Drug-Receptor Complex Residence Time
Drug-Receptor Complex Residence Time
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Receptor Upregulation
Receptor Upregulation
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Receptor Downregulation
Receptor Downregulation
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Adaptation via Receptor Regulation
Adaptation via Receptor Regulation
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Recognition Sites
Recognition Sites
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Non-specific Drug Binding
Non-specific Drug Binding
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Agonists
Agonists
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Allosteric Agonists
Allosteric Agonists
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Inverse Agonists
Inverse Agonists
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Antagonists
Antagonists
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Reversible Antagonists
Reversible Antagonists
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Irreversible Antagonists
Irreversible Antagonists
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Competitive Antagonism
Competitive Antagonism
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Drug Design
Drug Design
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Computer-Aided Drug Design
Computer-Aided Drug Design
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Structure-Based Drug Design
Structure-Based Drug Design
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Animal Ethics
Animal Ethics
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Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)
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Maintenance of Stock (Animals)
Maintenance of Stock (Animals)
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Separate Housing of Species
Separate Housing of Species
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Topical Drug Administration
Topical Drug Administration
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Troches
Troches
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Enemas
Enemas
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Suppository
Suppository
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Local Administration (Eye, Ear, Nose)
Local Administration (Eye, Ear, Nose)
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Bronchial Inhalation
Bronchial Inhalation
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Intra-arterial Route
Intra-arterial Route
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Oral Route
Oral Route
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Facilitated Passive Diffusion
Facilitated Passive Diffusion
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Active Transport
Active Transport
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Pinocytosis / Exocytosis
Pinocytosis / Exocytosis
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Transporter Selectivity & Saturation
Transporter Selectivity & Saturation
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Zero-Order Kinetics (in Transport)
Zero-Order Kinetics (in Transport)
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Factors Affecting Drug Transfer
Factors Affecting Drug Transfer
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Drug's Journey to Action Site
Drug's Journey to Action Site
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Plasma Membrane as a Barrier
Plasma Membrane as a Barrier
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