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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of pharmacology?
What is the primary goal of pharmacology?
- To understand the mechanisms by which drugs interact with biological systems (correct)
- To use drugs based on superstition
- To isolate pure drug compounds
- To generate billion-dollar profits for the pharmaceutical industry
Which of the following best describes the toxic effects of drugs?
Which of the following best describes the toxic effects of drugs?
- They are beneficial in treating diseases
- They are part of the therapeutic effects
- They are adverse effects resulting from drug exposure (correct)
- They are essential for the scientific understanding of drug mechanisms
What spurred pharmacology to the forefront of modern medicine?
What spurred pharmacology to the forefront of modern medicine?
- Isolation of impure drug compounds
- The use of crude drugs
- Advances in chemistry and physiology (correct)
- Experience in recognizing official articles in the pharmacopeia
What is the meaning of the Greek word 'pharmakon'?
What is the meaning of the Greek word 'pharmakon'?
During which phase did experience enable people to identify beneficial substances for relieving disease symptoms?
During which phase did experience enable people to identify beneficial substances for relieving disease symptoms?
What drove the international pharmaceutical industry to billion-dollar profits?
What drove the international pharmaceutical industry to billion-dollar profits?
What is the main concern of toxicology?
What is the main concern of toxicology?
What distinguishes a poison from a remedy?
What distinguishes a poison from a remedy?
Which branch of medical science involves the use of drugs in disease treatment?
Which branch of medical science involves the use of drugs in disease treatment?
What does pharmacognosy primarily study?
What does pharmacognosy primarily study?
Which area is concerned with the formulation and chemical properties of pharmaceutical products?
Which area is concerned with the formulation and chemical properties of pharmaceutical products?
In which field is the design and chemical synthesis of drugs specialized?
In which field is the design and chemical synthesis of drugs specialized?
What is the main focus of toxicology?
What is the main focus of toxicology?
Which of the following best describes the term 'drug' as used in the text?
Which of the following best describes the term 'drug' as used in the text?
What are examples of natural sources of drugs mentioned in the text?
What are examples of natural sources of drugs mentioned in the text?
In pharmacology, what is the purpose of drug discovery?
In pharmacology, what is the purpose of drug discovery?
Which category of drugs do hormones, neurotransmitters, and peptides belong to?
Which category of drugs do hormones, neurotransmitters, and peptides belong to?
What differentiates a toxin from a poison in terms of their source?
What differentiates a toxin from a poison in terms of their source?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Pharmacology
- Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on life processes, including activation or inhibition of normal body processes, therapeutic effects, side/adverse effects, and toxic effects.
History of Pharmacology
- Pharmacology emerged as a fundamental science in modern medicine, enabling the rational use of effective agents in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
- The goal of pharmacology is to understand the mechanisms by which drugs interact with biologic systems.
- The discipline of pharmacology drives the international pharmaceutical industry to billion-dollar profits.
- The word "pharmacology" comes from the Greek word "pharmakon," meaning remedy or drug.
Definition of Drugs
- A drug is any article recognized in official pharmacopeia or any official compendium.
- A drug is any article intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of diseases in man and animals.
- A drug is any article, other than food, intended to affect the structure or any function of the human body or animal.
- Herbal or traditional drugs are also considered drugs.
Classification of Drugs
- Drugs may be hormones, neurotransmitters, or peptides produced by the body.
- Drugs may be xenobiotic, produced outside the body, either synthetic or natural.
- Poisons are drugs that can kill.
- Toxins are drugs that can kill and are produced by a living organism.
Sources of Drugs
- Natural sources of drugs include plants, microorganisms, animal tissues, and minerals.
- Synthetic drugs are created through the synthesis of new compounds and modifying existing drugs.
Drug Names
- Drugs have three types of names: chemical name, generic name (non-proprietary name), and brand name (proprietary name).
Divisions of Pharmacology
- Toxicology is the study of poisons and organ toxicity, focusing on the harmful effects of drugs and other chemicals.
- Pharmacotherapeutics is the medical science concerned with the use of drugs in the treatment of diseases.
- Pharmacy is the science and profession concerned with the preparation, storage, dispensing, and proper use of drug products.
- Pharmacognosy is the study of drugs isolated from natural sources.
- Medicinal chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry that specializes in the design and chemical synthesis of drugs.
- Pharmaceutics is concerned with the formulation and chemical properties of pharmaceutical products.
Quotes
- "All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy." - Paracelsus
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