Pharmacology CNS & ANS Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

To protect neurons from damage

To transmit electrical impulses directly

To provide energy for the neurons

To facilitate the conduction of nerve impulses (correct)

How does the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) affect drug treatment for brain-related disorders?

It enhances drug absorption in the brain

It acts as a stimulant for neurotransmitter release

It prevents most drugs from entering the brain (correct)

It ensures all drugs reach the brain effectively

Which condition is characterized by extreme sadness and hopelessness?

Mania

Anxiety

Schizophrenia

Depression (correct)

What primarily triggers an action potential in a neuron?

Changes in the membrane potential Signup and view all the answers

What defines a seizure in the context of nerve impulses?

Excessive impulse transmission in the brain Signup and view all the answers

What does palliative treatment aim to achieve?

Control symptoms and improve quality of life Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common psychotic disorder that affects social functioning?

Schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

What degenerative disease is associated with a lack of dopamine?

Parkinson's Disease Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is primarily associated with typical antipsychotic drugs?

Extra pyramidal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored to check for signs of bone marrow suppression in patients taking antipsychotic drugs?

Complete blood count (CBC) Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing consideration is essential to prevent discomfort from dyskinesia?

Provide positioning of legs Signup and view all the answers

How does lithium affect sodium transport in bipolar disorder management?

It alters sodium transport Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions may lead to increased serum levels of lithium?

Sodium depletion Signup and view all the answers

What type of effects are associated with the anti-cholinergic properties of antipsychotic drugs?

Urinary retention Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients not be allowed to crush or chew antipsychotic tablets?

It decreases absorption of the drugs Signup and view all the answers

What adverse respiratory reaction may occur as a side effect of antipsychotic medication?

Dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

What are common indications for the use of SSRIs?

Depression and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD) Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effects can be associated with SSRIs?

CNS effects such as headache and insomnia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the pharmacokinetics of SSRIs?

They are well absorbed in the GIT and metabolized in the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which group should be cautioned against using SSRIs?

Patients allergic to SSRIs Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended nursing consideration for patients taking SSRIs?

Monitor liver function regularly Signup and view all the answers

What clinical manifestations are associated with schizophrenia?

Delusions and hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

For what psychological condition is mania primarily associated?

Bipolar disorder Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored when administering SSRIs to a patient?

Blood pressure and orthostatic changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected effect when alpha 1 receptors are blocked?

Pupillary constriction Signup and view all the answers

Which adrenergic receptor, when stimulated, will primarily increase heart rate?

Beta 1 Signup and view all the answers

What effect would you expect if beta 2 receptors are blocked?

Bronchoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What class of drugs stimulates both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors?

Sympathomimetic drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for using adrenergic agonist drugs?

Pheochromocytoma Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is commonly associated with sympathomimetic drugs?

Urinary retention Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is commonly indicated for the treatment of shock and cardiac arrest?

Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

How are sympathomimetic drugs absorbed and metabolized?

Rapidly and liver metabolized Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dopaminergic drugs?

To increase the effects of dopamine at the receptor sites Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is contraindicated for the use of dopaminergic drugs?

Glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is associated with dopaminergic drugs?

Constipation Signup and view all the answers

Why is carbidopa combined with levodopa in treating Parkinson's disease?

To inhibit the enzyme dopa decarboxylase Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used alongside levodopa for better efficacy in treating Parkinson’s disease?

Sinemet Signup and view all the answers

How can the effect of dopaminergic drugs be decreased when combined with other substances?

By combining with Vitamin B6 Signup and view all the answers

What does levodopa convert into after crossing the blood-brain barrier?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What effect does dopamine receptor stimulation have on patients with cardiac issues?

Potential exacerbation of the condition Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Mono Amine Oxidase (MAO) in neurotransmitter regulation?

To remove neurotransmitters from the synapse Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential causes of decreased neurotransmitters in the limbic system?

Overuse of neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary therapeutic action of antidepressant drugs?

To inhibit reuptake of neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antidepressants specifically inhibits presynaptic reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin?

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Signup and view all the answers

In what time frame do drugs for hypertension typically achieve their therapeutic effect?

2-4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the pharmacokinetics of Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)?

Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and peak in 2-4 hours Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken when prescribing Tricyclic Antidepressants to patients?

Caution in clients with hepatic and renal impairment Signup and view all the answers

What could result from an increased effect of Mono Amine Oxidase (MAO)?

Decreased neurotransmitter availability Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pharmacology Course Notes

Course Topic: Drugs Affecting the Body System and Nursing Considerations: CNS & ANS
Course Unit: 1
Week: 5
Learning Objectives: At the end of the unit, learners will be able to review anatomy and physiology of the Nervous System, understand basic concepts of diseases affecting the Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems, classify neurotransmitters, understand impulse transmission and pharmacodynamics of drugs affecting the nervous system, identify classifications of CNS and ANS drugs, describe specific actions and adverse effects, and understand the pharmacokinetics of drugs affecting the nervous system.
Checklist: Read course and unit objectives, study guide before class, required reading materials and terminologies, participate in classroom discussions and discussion boards (Canvas), answer and submit course unit tasks.
Learning Objectives (Cognitive): Review anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, understand basic concepts of diseases affecting the central and autonomic nervous systems, classify neurotransmitters, comprehend basic impulse transmission, and identify classifications of drugs affecting the CNS and ANS.

Terminologies

Action Potential: Rapid change in the membrane potential explaining how impulses are conducted.
Anxiety: Feeling of fear, tension or apprehension.
Depression: Affective disorder characterized by extreme sadness, hopelessness and disorganization.
Mania: Characterized by extreme overactivity and excitement.
Neurotransmitters: Chemicals in the nervous system aiding in impulse transmission.
Palliative Treatment: Controlling signs and symptoms of disease.
Parkinson's Disease: Degenerative nervous system disease.
Schizophrenia: Psychotic disorder causing impairment in functioning.
Seizure: Abnormal and excessive impulse transmission in the brain.
Synaptic Transmission: Conduction of impulses across junctions between neurons.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain & Spinal Cord: Vital structures with protective mechanisms (BBB) affecting drug penetration.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Autonomic & Somatic Nervous Systems: Impulses via chemical neurotransmitters with specific receptors for drug action (stimulate/block receptors).
Action Potential: Neuron communication via rapid change in membrane potential (Na+ in, K+ out), driven by ion channels.
Drug Actions & Disease: Drugs manipulate nervous system function to treat diseases.

Required Reading

Karch, A.M. (2019). Focus on Nursing Pharmacology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Chapters on Drugs affecting CNS and ANS.

Drugs for Anxiety

Barbiturates: Powerful CNS depressants and widely used; now less frequently for anxiety.
Benzodiazepines: Enhance GABA effect (inhibitory neurotransmitter), managing anxiety; safer than barbiturates.

Antidepressant Drugs

Biogenic Amine Theory: Explains depression as low levels of neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine).
MAO Inhibitors: Increase neurotransmitters by inhibiting the enzyme Monoamine Oxidase.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Inhibit neurotransmitter reuptake, increasing neurotransmitter levels.

Antipsychotic Drugs

Mechanisms of Action: Block dopamine receptors, reducing psychotic symptoms.
Types: Typical and atypical; atypical target different receptors.
Examples: Chlorpromazine, Fluphenazine

Anti-Seizure Drugs

Mechanisms of Action: Suppressing sodium influx/depolarization, calcium influx, and increasing GABA action.

Anti-Parkinson's Drugs

Mechanisms of Action: Balance of neurotransmitters (dopamine and acetylcholine) to control symptoms.
Types: Dopaminergic and anticholinergic drugs.

Anti-Manic Drugs

Mechanism of Action: Lithium alters sodium transport, impacting norepinephrine and dopamine levels.

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Description

Test your knowledge on drugs affecting the Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems in this quiz designed for Pharmacology Course Unit 1. This assessment covers anatomy, physiology, classifications, and pharmacodynamics of relevant drugs. Prepare to apply your understanding of nursing considerations in pharmacology.

Pharmacology CNS & ANS Quiz - Unit 1

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