Pharmacology Chapter 17 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is addiction?

Physiological need for a drug

What is an analgesic?

Drug that inhibits pain

What is an antidote?

Inhibits the action of a poison

What is a diuretic?

Drug that increases urine output Signup and view all the answers

What is a drug vehicle?

Substance in which a drug is transported Signup and view all the answers

What are emetics?

Agents that cause vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is habituation?

Psychological need for a drug Signup and view all the answers

What does intradermal mean?

Administering a drug through the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is a liniment?

Alcohol or oil-containing medicated fluid used for external massage Signup and view all the answers

What is a placebo?

Fake drug with no active ingredient Signup and view all the answers

What is bioavailability?

How completely a particular drug is absorbed by the system Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect?

Effect that is other than what is desired Signup and view all the answers

What is a specific effect of a drug?

Desired effect of drug Signup and view all the answers

What is a synergistic effect?

Effect of two or more drugs is greater than when either is used alone Signup and view all the answers

What is tolerance?

Increasing amount of drug needed to achieve the same effectiveness Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an antiseptic and a disinfectant?

Antiseptics are used on living matter to destroy bacteria; disinfectants are used on nonliving matter. Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific type of antiseptic that is used to combat fungus?

Fungicide Signup and view all the answers

What is the chief use of hydrogen peroxide in the care of athletes?

Cleanses infected mucous membranes and cutaneous tissue, dislodging particles of debris. Signup and view all the answers

What common athletic ailment is associated with the fungi Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton?

Athlete's foot Signup and view all the answers

What is the topical medication used on athlete's foot?

Tinactin Signup and view all the answers

What major problem can occur with extended use of antibiotics?

The body builds up a tolerance by producing antibodies. Signup and view all the answers

How do counter irritants work?

Create a mild irritation of the skin whose stimulus is stronger than the original pain stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What type of substances inhibit pain by depressing impulses and the athlete's respiratory centers?

Narcotics Signup and view all the answers

What drugs are designed to suppress all but the most severe pain without the athlete losing consciousness?

Non-narcotic analgesics Signup and view all the answers

Why would acetaminophen be recommended for use rather than aspirin?

Aspirin may irritate the gastrointestinal tract and cause bleeding. Signup and view all the answers

How does epinephrine work in the treatment of severe bleeding?

It constricts damaged blood vessels to stop the hemorrhage. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary actions of antibiotics?

Bacteriostatic (inhibiting bacterial growth) or bacteriocidal (destroying bacteria). Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Drug Definitions

Addiction: A physiological dependence on a drug, leading to compulsive use.
Analgesic: A medication that alleviates pain.
Antidote: A substance that counteracts the effects of a poison.
Diuretic: A drug that promotes increased urine production and output.
Drug Vehicle: A medium or substance that carries a drug for administration.
Emetics: Agents that induce vomiting in cases of poisoning or overdose.

Psychological and Physiological Concepts

Habituation: A psychological dependence on a drug, characterized by a craving for it.
Tolerance: The phenomenon where a larger dose of a drug is required to achieve the same effect as previously experienced.

Administration Methods and Effects

Intradermal: Referring to drug administration through the skin’s layers.
Bioavailability: A measure of the extent and rate at which the active ingredient is absorbed and becomes available in the body.
Side Effect: Unintended and often negative effects following drug use.
Specific Effect: The desired and intended therapeutic effect of a drug.
Synergistic Effect: A scenario where the combined effect of multiple drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

Antiseptics and Their Uses

Antiseptics vs. Disinfectants: Antiseptics are safe for use on living tissue, while disinfectants are intended for non-living surfaces.
Fungicide: A specific type of antiseptic designed to eliminate fungal infections.
Hydrogen Peroxide: Utilized in athletic care to cleanse infected tissues and remove debris from wounds.

Common Athletic Ailments and Treatments

Athlete's Foot: A fungal infection caused by Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton.
Tinactin: A topical medication commonly used to treat athlete's foot.

Antibiotics and Their Implications

Antibiotics: Serve two primary purposes: inhibiting bacterial growth (bacteriostatic) and killing bacteria (bacteriocidal).
Antibiotic Tolerance: Prolonged use can lead to the body developing a tolerance, necessitating higher doses over time.

Pain Management Techniques

Counterirritants: Create mild irritation that can diminish the perception of original pain.
Narcotics: Substances that alleviate pain by suppressing nerve impulses and respiratory centers.
Non-narcotic Analgesics: Quickly alleviate pain without causing loss of consciousness.

Considerations for Pain Relievers

Acetaminophen vs. Aspirin: Acetaminophen is recommended over aspirin due to lower gastrointestinal irritation, reduced bleeding risk, and lesser allergic potential in asthmatic patients. Aspirin is cautioned against in contact sports due to its blood-thinning properties.

First Aid for Bleeding

Epinephrine: Employed in severe bleeding situations by directly constricting damaged blood vessels, effectively halting hemorrhage.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key terms in pharmacology with these flashcards based on Chapter 17. Each card provides a word related to drug use and its corresponding definition. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of essential pharmacological concepts.