Pharmacology Chapter 11 Quiz & Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain, relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries?

Increases myocardial contraction force

Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries (correct)

Increases blood return to the right atrium

Constricts the veins throughout the body

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct?

Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system

Compared to enteral medications, parenteral medications have fewer side effects

Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally

Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications (correct)

Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained?

Intraosseous (correct)

Subcutaneous

Transcutaneous

Intramuscular

The amount of medication that is given is known as the ______.

dose Signup and view all the answers

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?

Sublingually Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is:

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient?

Medical direction approval Signup and view all the answers

The term 'pharmacology' is MOST accurately defined as:

The study of drugs and their actions on the body Signup and view all the answers

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, what do the medications atorvastatin and amlodipine suggest?

Cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

What medication form does oral glucose come in?

Gel Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct?

The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)?

Slow respirations Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a patient with crushing chest pain and a history of heart attacks, after administering supplemental oxygen and contacting medical control, what should you do if they have not taken nitroglycerin?

Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error?

The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director Signup and view all the answers

If a 31-year-old female experiencing an acute asthma attack has been assisted with her MDI, what should you do next?

Reassess the patient and document her response to the medication Signup and view all the answers

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called:

Capsules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotine patch?

Transcutaneous Signup and view all the answers

Activated charcoal is an example of a(n):

Suspension Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector?

Intramuscular Signup and view all the answers

Which medication suggests that a 37-year-old male found unresponsive in his car has a history of asthma?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):

Side effect Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a 74-year-old woman who complains of heaviness in her chest and has taken two nitroglycerin tablets before arrival?

Recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosing of certain drugs Signup and view all the answers

An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if:

Authorization from medical control has been obtained Signup and view all the answers

If EMTs give naloxone (Narcan) to a known heroin user who is unresponsive, they should recall that:

Naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient Signup and view all the answers

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. What should you do?

Place her in a supine position Signup and view all the answers

In __________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner.

peer-assisted Signup and view all the answers

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to:

Administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following patient populations typically require a modified drug dose?

Pediatric patients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. What should you do if you cannot make contact with medical control?

Administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital Signup and view all the answers

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called:

Adsorption Signup and view all the answers

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication:

Ibuprofen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a generic drug?

Aspirin Signup and view all the answers

You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control?

Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route Signup and view all the answers

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:

Prevents the aggregation of platelets Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pharmacological Principles

Nitroglycerin Effect: Relaxes the walls of coronary arteries, alleviating cardiac-related chest pain.
Parenteral Medications: Absorbed more quickly than enteral medications; typically have different side effects and routes of administration.
Intraosseous Administration: Most appropriate route for unresponsive patients when intravenous access is not possible.
Medication Dosage: The quantity administered is referred to as the dose.
Nitroglycerin Administration: Given sublingually by EMTs for rapid absorption and effect.

Medical Terminology

Hypoglycemia: Medical term for extremely low blood glucose levels.
Medical Direction Approval: Required for EMTs to administer any drugs to a patient.
Pharmacology Definition: The study of drugs and their actions on the body.
Cardiovascular Disease Indicators: Medications like atorvastatin and amlodipine suggest a history of cardiovascular issues.

Medication Forms and Routes

Oral Glucose: Commonly available in gel form for treatment.
Epinephrine Auto-Injector: Delivers a preset amount of epinephrine for emergencies; requires no physician authorization for EMT use.
Naloxone (Narcan) Necessity: Indicated when a patient presents with slow respirations, commonly associated with opioid overdose.
Medication Errors: Example of rules-based error includes administering a drug not approved by medical direction.

Patient Assessment and Response

Treatment for Chest Pain: Assist patients in taking nitroglycerin unless their systolic blood pressure is below 100 mm Hg.
Side Effects: Drowsiness and dry mouth following diphenhydramine use are categorized as side effects of the medication.
Geriatric Patients: Often require adjusted dosing due to slower drug absorption and elimination.
Glucose Administration: Provides immediate energy as it's a simple sugar that is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream.

Emergency Response Protocols

Allergic Reactions: If a patient is experiencing severe distress, administer epinephrine and begin transport if medical control cannot be contacted.
Administration Considerations: Properly assess medication history and vital signs before administering medication like nitroglycerin, especially in elderly patients.
Peer-Assisted Administration: Administering medication to oneself or a partner is categorized as peer-assisted.
IV Route for Emergencies: EMTs typically expect paramedics to administer medication via IV for the fastest effects during emergencies.

Drug Identification

Capsules: Medications encased in a gelatin shell for oral administration.
Suspensions: Examples include activated charcoal, where particles are dispersed but not dissolved in liquid.
Generic vs. Trade Names: Aspirin is a well-known generic medication; other common trade names for ibuprofen include Advil and Motrin.

Clinical Judgment in Treatment

Monitoring Conditions: Continuously monitor patients' conditions during transport, particularly after significant drug administration like epinephrine.
Epinephrine Dosage: Should be administered full strength unless otherwise specified by medical protocols.
Understanding Patient History: Recognizing medications like Alupent indicates past respiratory issues such as asthma, guiding appropriate emergency responses.

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Test your knowledge on the principles of pharmacology with these flashcards from Chapter 11. This quiz covers key medications and their effects, as well as the correct statements about parenteral medications. Perfect for students studying pharmacology or preparing for exams.

Pharmacology Chapter 11 Flashcards

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